HTML5迁移

从HTML4迁移到HTML5

本章讲述如何从 HTML4 迁移 到 HTML5.

本章演示了如何把一个HTML4页面转换为HTML5页面，而不破坏原始的内容和结构。

你可以采用相同的方法，从XHTML迁移到HTML5.

典型 HTML4 典型 HTML5
<div id="header"> <header>
<div id="menu"> <nav>
<div id="content"> <section>
<div class="article"> <article>
<div id="footer"> <footer>

一个典型的 HTML4 页面

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<title>HTML4</title>
<style>
body {
    font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

div#header, div#footer {
    padding: 10px;
    color: white;
    background-color: black;
}

div#content {
    margin: 5px;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: lightgrey;
}

div.article {
    margin: 5px;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: white;
}

div#menu ul {
    padding: 0;
}

div#menu ul li {
    display: inline;
    margin: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div id="header">
  <h1>Monday Times</h1>
</div>

<div id="menu">
  <ul>
    <li>News</li>
    <li>Sports</li>
    <li>Weather</li>
  </ul>
</div>

<div id="content">
  <h2>News Section</h2>
  <div class="article">
    <h2>News Article</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque in porta lorem. Morbi condimentum est nibh, et consectetur tortor feugiat at.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="article">
    <h2>News Article</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque in porta lorem. Morbi condimentum est nibh, et consectetur tortor feugiat at.</p>
  </div>
</div>

<div id="footer">
  <p>&amp;copy; 2016 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

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修改为HTML5文档类型

修改 doctype:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

修改为 HTML5 doctype:

<!DOCTYPE html>

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修改为 HTML5 编码

修改 encoding 信息:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">

修改为 HTML5 encoding:

<meta charset="utf-8">

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添加HTML5Shiv

所有现代浏览器都支持新的HTML5语义元素. 外，您还可以“教”旧浏览器如何处理“未知元素”.

然而，IE8和之前浏览器版本，不允许未知元素样式. 因此，使用HTML5Shiv来实现

添加 HTML5Shiv:

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
  <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

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阅读更多 HTML5Shiv 尽在 HTML5 浏览器支持.

修改HTML5语义元素

现存的CSS包括 元素的 id和class样式

body {
    font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

div#header, div#footer {
    padding: 10px;
    color: white;
    background-color: black;
}

div#content {
    margin: 5px;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: lightgrey;
}

div.article {
    margin: 5px;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: white;
}

div#menu ul {
    padding: 0;
}

div#menu ul li {
    display: inline;
    margin: 5px;
}

使用HTML5的语义元素替换CSS样式

body {
    font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

header, footer {
    padding: 10px;
    color: white;
    background-color: black;
}

section {
    margin: 5px;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: lightgrey;
}

article {
    margin: 5px;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: white;
}

nav ul {
    padding: 0;
}

nav ul li {
    display: inline;
    margin: 5px;
}

最后，修改元素为HTML5语义元素：

<body>

<header>
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</header>

<nav>
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</nav>

<section>
<h2>News Section</h2>
<article>
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque in porta lorem. Morbi condimentum est nibh, et consectetur tortor feugiat at.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque in porta lorem. Morbi condimentum est nibh, et consectetur tortor feugiat at.</p>
</article>
</section>

<footer>
<p>&copy; 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>

</body>

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<article> <section> 和 <div>之间的区别

这是一个令人困惑的（缺乏）在HTML5标准差, 在 <article> <section> 和 <div>之间.

在HTML5标准里面, <section> 元素被定义为相关元素的块.

<article> 元素被定义为一个完整的、独立的相关元素块.

<div> 元素定义为子元素的块.

如何解释?

在上面的例子中, 我们使用 <section> 作为相关<articles>的容器.

但是, 我们也使用<article>作为其他article的容器.

以下是一些不同的例子:

<article> 在 <article> 里面:

<article>

<h2>Famous Cities</h2>

<article>
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</article>

<article>
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</article>

<article>
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</article>

</article>

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<div> 在 <article>里面:

<article>

<h2>Famous Cities</h2>

<div class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>

<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>

<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>

</article>

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<div>在<section>里面 ，<section> 在 <article>里面:

<article>

<section>
<h2>Famous Cities</h2>

<div class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>

<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>

<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section>
<h2>Famous Countries</h2>

<div class="country">
<h2>England</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>

<div class="country">
<h2>France</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>

<div class="country">
<h2>Japan</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</section>

</article>

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