TL; DR：写锁出现在“拥有的同步器”列表中，而 读锁则没有 。

我最终获得了以下MVCE，以尝试了解“可拥有的同步器”的含义。这个想法是让两个线程锁定/解锁读/写可重入锁，并查看在不同时间对不同线程转储的影响（在jVisualVM中拍摄，而Eclipse项目在特定行的断点处暂停）。

这是代码：

package lock;

public class LockTest {

    static ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": read hold "+lock.getReadHoldCount()+" read lock "+lock.getReadLockCount());
        new Th().start();
        synchronized (LockTest.class) {
            try { LockTest.class.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
        }
        lock.readLock().unlock();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": unlocked read lock. Read hold "+lock.getReadHoldCount()+" read lock "+lock.getReadLockCount()+". Getting write lock");
        lock.writeLock().lock();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": got write lock. Unlocking (=>Thread dump #3)"); // Take thead dump #3 here ("main" has a write lock, "other" has died)
        lock.writeLock().unlock();
    }

    static class Th extends Thread {
        Th() { super("other"); }

        public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": read hold "+lock.getReadHoldCount()+" read lock "+lock.getReadLockCount());
            if (!lock.writeLock().tryLock())
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": cannot lock write");
            else {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": lock write taken");
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": trying to unlock read lock");
            try {
                lock.readLock().unlock();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": successfully unlocked read lock. Read hold "+lock.getReadHoldCount()+" read lock "+lock.getReadLockCount());
            } catch (IllegalMonitorStateException e) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": cannot unlock read lock: "+e.getMessage());
            }
            synchronized (LockTest.class) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": notifying write lock take (=>Thread dump #1)");
                LockTest.class.notify(); // Take thead dump #1 here ("main" has a read lock)
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": locking write lock");
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": unlocking write lock (=>Thread dump #2)"); // Take thead dump #2 here ("other" has a write lock)
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }
}

这是输出：

main: read hold 1 read lock 1
other: read hold 0 read lock 1
other: cannot lock write
other: trying to unlock read lock
other: cannot unlock read lock: attempt to unlock read lock, not locked by current thread
other: notifying write lock take (=>Thread dump #1)
other: locking write lock
main: unlocked read lock. Read hold 0 read lock 0. Getting write lock
other: unlocking write lock (=>Thread dump #2)
main: got write lock. Unlocking (=>Thread dump #3)

现在，线程转储。

当线程“ main”获得读锁时，将执行线程转储＃1。如我们所见， 线程没有任何“拥有的同步器” ：

"main" prio=10 tid=0x00007fea5c00d000 nid=0x1866 in Object.wait() [0x00007fea65bd5000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000007acf62620> (a java.lang.Class for lock.LockTest)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
    at lock.LockTest.main(LockTest.java:14)
    - locked <0x00000007acf62620> (a java.lang.Class for lock.LockTest)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
    - None

"other" prio=10 tid=0x00007fea5c0e0800 nid=0x1883 at breakpoint[0x00007fea3abe8000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at lock.LockTest$Th.run(LockTest.java:46)
    - locked <0x00000007acf62620> (a java.lang.Class for lock.LockTest)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
    - None

线程转储＃2是在线程“其他”获得了写锁之后进行的。它出现在“拥有的同步器”中：

"main" prio=10 tid=0x00007fea5c00d000 nid=0x1866 waiting on condition [0x00007fea65bd5000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
    at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
    - parking to wait for  <0x00000007acf63278> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$FairSync)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:186)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.parkAndCheckInterrupt(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:834)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireQueued(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:867)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1197)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$WriteLock.lock(ReentrantReadWriteLock.java:945)
    at lock.LockTest.main(LockTest.java:18)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
    - None

"other" prio=10 tid=0x00007fea5c0e0800 nid=0x1883 at breakpoint[0x00007fea3abe8000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at lock.LockTest$Th.run(LockTest.java:51)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
    - <0x00000007acf63278> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$FairSync)

线程转储＃3在线程“其他”释放写锁定（并终止）并且线程“主”已获取它之后执行：

"main" prio=10 tid=0x00007fea5c00d000 nid=0x1866 at breakpoint[0x00007fea65bd5000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at lock.LockTest.main(LockTest.java:19)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
    - <0x00000007acf63278> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$FairSync)

因此，写锁定将出现在“锁定的拥有者同步器”列表中，而读锁定则不会。即使getReadHoldCount()显示了当前线程已使用的读取锁的数量，读取的“锁定”似乎也不属于特定线程，因此不在列表中。这使得调试死锁变得很困难（或者说“不像使用jVisualVM那样容易”）。

编辑：为了帮助弄清楚复制/粘贴错误，并带有未释放的锁，例如：

myLock.readLock().lock();
try {
    // ...
} finally {
    myLock.readLock().lock(); // Oops! Should be "unlock()"
}

您可以在源目录的根目录下使用以下Linux命令行：

find . -name '*.java' -exec grep -Hn 'myLock.readLock().lock();' {} \; | wc -l

将显示已 采取 了多少个读取锁定，并且：

find . -name '*.java' -exec grep -Hn 'myLock.readLock().unlock();' {} \; | wc -l

将显示 释放 了多少个读锁。如果数字不匹配，请删除| wc -l以显示文件名（grep -H）和行号（grep -n）的详细信息。