我有3个表:User,Community,community_members(用于用户和社区的many2many关系)。
我使用Flask-SQLAlchemy创建此表:
community_members = db.Table('community_members', db.Column('user_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')), db.Column('community_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('community.id')), ) class Community(db.Model): __tablename__ = 'community' id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) name = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False, unique=True) members = db.relationship(User, secondary=community_members, backref=db.backref('community_members', lazy='dynamic'))
现在,我想像这样向community_members添加其他字段:
community_members = db.Table('community_members', db.Column('id', db.Integer, primary_key=True), db.Column('user_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')), db.Column('community_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('community.id')), db.Column('time_create', db.DateTime, nullable=False, default=func.now()), )
现在在python shell中,我可以这样做:
创建社区:
> c = Community() > c.name = 'c1' > db.session.add(c) > db.session.commit()
将成员添加到社区:
> u1 = User.query.get(1) > u2 = User.query.get(2) > c.members.append(u1) > c.members.append(u2) > db.session.commit() > c.members [<User 1>, <User 2>]
好的,这可行。
但是,现在我如何获得community_members表的time_create?
您将不得不从使用简单的多对多关系切换为使用“关联对象”,这基本上只是获取关联表并为其提供适当的类映射。然后,您将与User和定义一对多关系Community:
User
Community
class Membership(db.Model): __tablename__ = 'community_members' id = db.Column('id', db.Integer, primary_key=True) user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id')) community_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('community.id')) time_create = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, default=func.now()) community = db.relationship(Community, backref="memberships") user = db.relationship(User, backref="memberships") class Community(db.Model): __tablename__ = 'community' id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) name = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False, unique=True)
但是您可能只是偶尔对创建时间感兴趣。您想恢复旧的关系!好吧,您不想设置relationship两次;因为sqlalchemy会以某种方式认为您想要 两个 关联;这一定意味着不同!您可以通过添加关联代理来实现。
relationship
from sqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy import association_proxy Community.members = association_proxy("memberships", "user") User.communities = association_proxy("memberships", "community")