我使用ctypes根据描述DLL函数的参数并返回的描述文件来调用DLL文件中的函数。这是此DLL中称为InitNetwork的一个功能。下面是它的描述:
Function:BOOL InitNetwork(char LocalIP[],char ServerIP[],int LocalDeviceID); Arguments:LocalIP ServerIP LocalDeviceID Return:Success:TRUE; Faile:FALSE;
我在Python中所做的是这样的:
from ctypes import * import os #Load Dll: cppdll = CDLL("C:\\VS_projects\\MusicServer_Flask\\NetServerInterface.dll") #Get the function: initnetwork = getattr(cppdll, "?InitNetwork@@YAHQAD0H@Z") # The function can be successfully accessed. #specify arguments' types: initnetwork.argtypes = [c_char_p,c_char_p,c_int]
之后,我尝试:
initnetwork("192.168.1.103", "192.168.1.103", 1111)
出现错误:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 1: <class 'TypeError'>: wrong type
如果我尝试这样做:
initnetwork(LocalIP = "192.168.1.103", ServerIP = "192.168.1.103", LocalDeviceID = 1111)
我会得到:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: this function takes at least 3 arguments (0 given)
为什么会出现这些错误?如何成功调用此函数?任何建议表示赞赏。感谢您的关注!
ctypes 官方文档:[Python 3.5]:ctypes- Python的外部函数库。
创建了一个虚拟 .dll 来模仿您的行为。
dll.c :
#include <stdio.h> #include <Windows.h> __declspec(dllexport) BOOL InitNetwork(char LocalIP[], char ServerIP[], int LocalDeviceID) { printf("From C:\n\tLocalIP: [%s]\n\tServerIP: [%s]\n\tLocalDeviceID: %d\n", LocalIP, ServerIP, LocalDeviceID); return TRUE; }
检查SO:如何编译用C编写的64位dll?(@CristiFati的答案)以获取有关如何构建它的详细信息(采取了完全相同的步骤,在这种情况下,命令是:)cl /nologo /LD /DWIN64 /DWIN32 /Tp dll.c /link /OUT:NetServerInterface.dll。
cl /nologo /LD /DWIN64 /DWIN32 /Tp dll.c /link /OUT:NetServerInterface.dll
(主要)问题在于,在 Python3中 ,char*不再映射到 string ,而是映射到 bytes 对象。
char*
code.py :
import sys import ctypes from ctypes import wintypes FILE_NAME = "NetServerInterface.dll" FUNC_NAME = "?InitNetwork@@YAHQEAD0H@Z" # Name different than yours: if func was declared as `extern "C"`, the "normal" name would be required def main(): net_server_interface_dll = ctypes.CDLL(FILE_NAME) init_network = getattr(net_server_interface_dll, FUNC_NAME) init_network.argtypes = [ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int] init_network.restype = wintypes.BOOL init_network(b"192.168.1.103", b"192.168.1.103", 1111) if __name__ == "__main__": print("Python {:s} on {:s}\n".format(sys.version, sys.platform)) main()
输出 :
(py35x64_test) e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q050325050>”e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py35x64_test\Scripts\python.exe” code.py Python 3.5.4 (v3.5.4:3f56838, Aug 8 2017, 02:17:05) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 From C: LocalIP: [192.168.1.103] ServerIP: [192.168.1.103] LocalDeviceID: 1111
(py35x64_test)
e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q050325050>”e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py35x64_test\Scripts\python.exe” code.py Python 3.5.4 (v3.5.4:3f56838, Aug 8 2017, 02:17:05) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
From C: LocalIP: [192.168.1.103] ServerIP: [192.168.1.103] LocalDeviceID: 1111