一尘不染

如何使用matplotlib在日期时间轴上绘制矩形?

python

我尝试使用以下代码在具有日期时间x轴的图形上绘制矩形:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Create new plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

# Create rectangle
startTime = datetime.now()
width = timedelta(seconds = 1)
endTime = startTime + width
rect = Rectangle((startTime, 0), width, 1, color='yellow')

# Plot rectangle
ax.add_patch(rect)   ### ERROR HERE!!! ###
plt.xlim([startTime, endTime])
plt.ylim([0, 1])
plt.show()

但是,我得到了错误:

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'float' and 'datetime.timedelta'

怎么了 (我正在使用matplotlib 1.0.1版)


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2021-01-20

共1个答案

一尘不染

问题在于,matplotlib使用其自己的日期/时间表示形式(浮动天数),因此您必须先进行转换。此外,您将不得不告诉xaxis它应该具有日期/时间刻度和标签。下面的代码可以做到这一点:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates

# Create new plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

# Create rectangle x coordinates
startTime = datetime.now()
endTime = startTime + timedelta(seconds = 1)

# convert to matplotlib date representation
start = mdates.date2num(startTime)
end = mdates.date2num(endTime)
width = end - start

# Plot rectangle
rect = Rectangle((start, 0), width, 1, color='yellow')
ax.add_patch(rect)

# assign date locator / formatter to the x-axis to get proper labels
locator = mdates.AutoDateLocator(minticks=3)
formatter = mdates.AutoDateFormatter(locator)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(locator)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(formatter)

# set the limits
plt.xlim([start-width, end+width])
plt.ylim([-.5, 1.5])

# go
plt.show()

结果:

在此处输入图片说明

注意 :Matplotlib 1.0.1 非常 旧。我不能保证我的例子会起作用。您应该尝试更新!

2021-01-20