一尘不染

使用Python Ctypes将结构指针传递给DLL函数

python

我正在尝试使用Python ctypes访问DLL文件中的函数。提供的功能说明如下。

Prototype: Picam_ConnectDemoCamera( PicamModel model,
                                    const pichar* serial_number,
                                    PicamCameraID* id )

Description: Virtually connects the software-simulated 'model' with 'serial_number'
and returns the camera id in `_id_`
Notes: `_id_` is optional and can be null

该函数引用DLL中定义的一些变量类型。接下来介绍这些变量

PicamModel
Type: enum
Description: The camera model.

PicamCameraID
Type: Struct
- PicamModel model: _model_ is the camera model
- PicamComputerInterface computer_interface: computer_interface is the method of
communication
- pichar sensor_name [PicamStringSize_SensorName]: sensor_name contains the name of
the sensor in the camera
- pichar serial_number [PicamStringSize_SerialNumber]: serial_number contains the
unique serial number of the camera

请注意,在提供的头文件之一中定义了“ pichar”,如下所示:

typedef          char   pichar; /* character native to platform

这似乎很简单,但是出于某种原因对我来说却无法解决。

我的理解如下:我向函数传递了三个变量:

1)一个model,实际上是一个enum。有人告诉我python ctypes本质上不支持枚举,因此我将其传递给整数2,该整数映射到特定的模型类型。

2)指向序列号的指针(我可以组成一个:任意字符串)

3)指向PicamCameraIDDLL中定义的变量类型(基于该struct类型)的指针

读完SO之后,我找到了一些很好的起点,但是仍然运气不佳。到目前为止,这是我最好的镜头

def pointer(x):
      PointerToType = ctypes.POINTER(type(x))
      ptr = ctypes.cast(ctypes.addressof(x), PointerToType)
      return ptr

class PicamCameraID(ctypes.Structure):
      pass
PicamCameraID._fields_=[("model",ctypes.c_int),
                    ("computer_interface",ctypes.c_int),
                    ("sensor_name",ctypes.c_char_p),
                    ("serial_number",ctypes.c_char_p)]

myid = PicamCameraID()
model = ctypes.c_int(2)
serialnum = ctypes.c_char_p('asdf')
print picam.Picam_ConnectDemoCamera(model, pointer(serialnum), ctypes.byref(myid))

如您所愿,我正在尝试创建PicamCameraID与DLL中定义的结构相对应的变量类型。我的直觉是使用ctypes.pointer命令传递函数参数时参考,但我发现适应症使用ctypes.byref,而不是其他地方。

代码运行无错误(返回0),但是,当我尝试访问struct的属性时,得到的结果却有所不同PicamCameraID

myid.model返回“ 2”,这很好,这就是我指定的 myid.computer_interface值,返回“ 1”,这很好

但是 问题是myid.serial_number退货

Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#28>", line 1, in
<module>
   myid.serial_number ValueError: invalid string pointer 0x2820303031207820

myid.sensor_name返回:

Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#29>", line 1, in
<module>
    myid.sensor_name ValueError: invalid string pointer 0x3034333120563245

由于某些原因,这些字符串未正确填充?

任何想法将不胜感激,我是python ctypes(和c)的新手

亲切的问候

增加2013年6月1日

typedef enum PicamStringSize {
    PicamStringSize_SensorName     =  64,
    PicamStringSize_SerialNumber   =  64,
    PicamStringSize_FirmwareName   =  64,
    PicamStringSize_FirmwareDetail = 256 } PicamStringSize;

typedef struct PicamCameraID {
    PicamModel             model;
    PicamComputerInterface computer_interface;
    pichar                 sensor_name[PicamStringSize_SensorName];
    pichar                 serial_number[PicamStringSize_SerialNumber];
} PicamCameraID;

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2021-01-20

共1个答案

一尘不染

您对PicamCameraID结构的定义不正确:sensor_name并且serial_numberarrays

"""
struct PicamCameraID {
  PicamModel             model;
  PicamComputerInterface computer_interface;
  pichar                 sensor_name[PicamStringSize_SensorName];
  pichar                 serial_number[PicamStringSize_SerialNumber]; 
};
"""
import ctypes as c

PicamStringSize_SensorName = PicamStringSize_SerialNumber = 64
PicamModel = PicamComputerInterface = c.c_int
pichar = c.c_char

class PicamCameraID(c.Structure):
    _fields_ = [("model", PicamModel),
                ("computer_interface", PicamComputerInterface),
                ("sensor_name", pichar * PicamStringSize_SensorName),
                ("serial_number", pichar * PicamStringSize_SerialNumber)]

似乎第二个参数只是一个字符串,因此您无需对其进行应用pointer()。这是功能的ctypes原型Picam_ConnectDemoCamera()

"""
Picam_ConnectDemoCamera(PicamModel model, const pichar* serial_number,
                        PicamCameraID* id)
"""
pichar_p = c.c_char_p # assume '\0'-terminated C strings
Picam_ConnectDemoCamera.argtypes = [PicamModel, pichar_p,
                                    c.POINTER(PicamCameraID)]
Picam_ConnectDemoCamera.restype = c.c_int # assume it returns C int

调用它:

picam_id = PicamCameraID()
rc = Picam_ConnectDemoCamera(2, "serial number here", c.byref(picam_id))
print(rc)
print(picam_id.sensor_name.value) # C string
print(picam_id.sensor_name.raw)   # raw memory
2021-01-20