这通常是由XML声明前的空白引起的,但是它可以是任何文本,例如破折号或任何字符。我说这通常是由空白引起的,因为人们认为空白始终是可忽略的,但事实并非如此。
经常发生的另一件事是UTF-8 BOM(字节顺序标记),如果将文档作为字符流传递给XML解析器而不是字节流,则在将XML声明视为空白之前允许我正在编写一个小型Java程序,以获取给定Google搜索字词的结果数量。出于某种原因,在Java中我得到了403禁止访问,但在Web浏览器中却得到了正确的结果。码:
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.URL; public class DataGetter { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { getResultAmount("test"); } private static int getResultAmount(String query) throws IOException { BufferedReader r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new URL("https://www.google.com/search?q=" + query).openConnection() .getInputStream())); String line; String src = ""; while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) { src += line; } System.out.println(src); return 1; } }
错误:
Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 403 for URL: https://www.google.com/search?q=test at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(Unknown Source) at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.getInputStream(Unknown Source) at DataGetter.getResultAmount(DataGetter.java:15) at DataGetter.main(DataGetter.java:10)
为什么这样做呢?使用UTF-8 BOM。
如果使用架构文件(.xsd)验证xml文件,并且其中一个架构文件具有UTF-8 BOM,则可能会发生同样的情况。
你只需要设置用户代理标头即可使其工作:
URLConnection connection = new URL("https://www.google.com/search?q=" + query).openConnection(); connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.95 Safari/537.11"); connection.connect(); BufferedReader r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"))); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); String line; while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); } System.out.println(sb.toString());
从异常堆栈跟踪可以看出,已为你透明地处理了SSL。
但是,获取结果数量并不是真的那么简单,在此之后,你必须通过获取Cookie并解析重定向令牌链接来假冒你是浏览器。
String cookie = connection.getHeaderField( "Set-Cookie").split(";")[0]; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("content=\\\"0;url=(.*?)\\\""); Matcher m = pattern.matcher(response); if( m.find() ) { String url = m.group(1); connection = new URL(url).openConnection(); connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.95 Safari/537.11"); connection.setRequestProperty("Cookie", cookie ); connection.connect(); r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"))); sb = new StringBuilder(); while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); } response = sb.toString(); pattern = Pattern.compile("<div id=\"resultStats\">About ([0-9,]+) results</div>"); m = pattern.matcher(response); if( m.find() ) { long amount = Long.parseLong(m.group(1).replaceAll(",", "")); return amount; } }
运行我得到的完整代码2930000000L。