如何在Python中列出目录的所有文件并将其添加到中list?
使用Python 2和3获取文件列表
如何获取当前目录中的所有文件(和目录)(Python 3)
以下是在Python 3中使用os 和listdir()函数仅检索当前目录中文件的简单方法。进一步的探索将演示如何返回目录中的文件夹,但你不会在子目录中拥有该文件,因此可以使用步行-稍后讨论)。
os
listdir()
import os arr = os.listdir() print(arr) >>> ['$RECYCLE.BIN', 'work.txt', '3ebooks.txt', 'documents']
我发现glob更容易选择相同类型或相同的文件。看下面的例子:
import glob txtfiles = [] for file in glob.glob("*.txt"): txtfiles.append(file)
import glob mylist = [f for f in glob.glob("*.txt")]
该函数在参数中返回给定扩展名(.txt,.docx等)的列表。
.txt,.docx
import glob def filebrowser(ext=""): "Returns files with an extension" return [f for f in glob.glob(f"*{ext}")] x = filebrowser(".txt") print(x) >>> ['example.txt', 'fb.txt', 'intro.txt', 'help.txt']
该函数现在返回与你作为参数传递的字符串匹配的文件列表
import glob def filebrowser(word=""): """Returns a list with all files with the word/extension in it""" file = [] for f in glob.glob("*"): if word in f: file.append(f) return file flist = filebrowser("example") print(flist) flist = filebrowser(".py") print(flist) >>> ['example.txt'] >>> ['fb.py', 'filebrowser.py']
获取完整的路径名 os.path.abspath
如你所见,上面的代码中没有文件的完整路径。如果需要绝对路径,则可以使用os.path模块的另一个函数,_getfullpathname将从os.listdir()中获取的文件作为参数。还有其他完整路径的方法,稍后我们将进行检查(如mexmex所建议,我将_getfullpathname替换为abspath)。
_getfullpathname将从os.listdir()
_getfullpathname
import os files_path = [os.path.abspath(x) for x in os.listdir()] print(files_path) >>> ['F:\\documenti\applications.txt', 'F:\\documenti\collections.txt']
我发现这对于在许多目录中查找内容非常有用,它帮助我找到了一个我不记得其名称的文件:
import os # Getting the current work directory (cwd) thisdir = os.getcwd() # r=root, d=directories, f = files for r, d, f in os.walk(thisdir): for file in f: if ".docx" in file: print(os.path.join(r, file))
在Python 2中,如果要在当前目录中列出文件,则必须将参数指定为"。"。或os.listdir方法中的os.getcwd()。
"。"
os.listdir
os.getcwd(
import os arr = os.listdir('.') print(arr) >>> ['$RECYCLE.BIN', 'work.txt', '3ebooks.txt', 'documents']
# Method 1 x = os.listdir('..') # Method 2 x= os.listdir('/')
import os arr = os.listdir('F:\\python') print(arr) >>> ['$RECYCLE.BIN', 'work.txt', '3ebooks.txt', 'documents']
import os x = os.listdir("./content")
import os arr = next(os.walk('.'))[2] print(arr) >>> ['5bs_Turismo1.pdf', '5bs_Turismo1.pptx', 'esperienza.txt']
import os arr = [] for d,r,f in next(os.walk("F:\\_python")): for file in f: arr.append(os.path.join(r,file)) for f in arr: print(files) >>> F:\\_python\\dict_class.py >>> F:\\_python\\programmi.txt
[os.path.join(r,file) for r,d,f in next(os.walk("F:\\_python")) for file in f] >>> ['F:\\_python\\dict_class.py', 'F:\\_python\\programmi.txt']
x = [os.path.join(r,file) for r,d,f in os.walk("F:\\_python") for file in f] print(x) >>> ['F:\\_python\\dict.py', 'F:\\_python\\progr.txt', 'F:\\_python\\readl.py']
arr_txt = [x for x in os.listdir() if x.endswith(".txt")] print(arr_txt) >>> ['work.txt', '3ebooks.txt']
如果我需要文件的绝对路径:
from path import path from glob import glob x = [path(f).abspath() for f in glob("F:\\*.txt")] for f in x: print(f) >>> F:\acquistionline.txt >>> F:\acquisti_2018.txt >>> F:\bootstrap_jquery_ecc.txt
os.path.isfile
import os.path listOfFiles = [f for f in os.listdir() if os.path.isfile(f)] print(listOfFiles) >>> ['a simple game.py', 'data.txt', 'decorator.py']
import pathlib flist = [] for p in pathlib.Path('.').iterdir(): if p.is_file(): print(p) flist.append(p) >>> error.PNG >>> exemaker.bat >>> guiprova.mp3 >>> setup.py >>> speak_gui2.py >>> thumb.PNG
与list comprehension:
list comprehension
flist = [p for p in pathlib.Path('.').iterdir() if p.is_file()]
或者,使用pathlib.Path()代替pathlib.Path(“.”)
import pathlib py = pathlib.Path().glob("*.py") for file in py: print(file) >>> stack_overflow_list.py >>> stack_overflow_list_tkinter.py
import os x = [i[2] for i in os.walk('.')] y=[] for t in x: for f in t: y.append(f) print(y) >>> ['append_to_list.py', 'data.txt', 'data1.txt', 'data2.txt', 'data_180617', 'os_walk.py', 'READ2.py', 'read_data.py', 'somma_defaltdic.py', 'substitute_words.py', 'sum_data.py', 'data.txt', 'data1.txt', 'data_180617']
仅获取具有next的文件并进入目录
import os x = next(os.walk('F://python'))[2] print(x) >>> ['calculator.bat','calculator.py']
import os next(os.walk('F://python'))[1] # for the current dir use ('.') >>> ['python3','others']
使用以下命令获取所有子目录名称 walk
for r,d,f in os.walk("F:\\_python"): for dirs in d: print(dirs) >>> .vscode >>> pyexcel >>> pyschool.py >>> subtitles >>> _metaprogramming >>> .ipynb_checkpoints
import os x = [f.name for f in os.scandir() if f.is_file()] print(x) >>> ['calculator.bat','calculator.py'] # Another example with scandir (a little variation from docs.python.org) # This one is more efficient than os.listdir. # In this case, it shows the files only in the current directory # where the script is executed. import os with os.scandir() as i: for entry in i: if entry.is_file(): print(entry.name) >>> ebookmaker.py >>> error.PNG >>> exemaker.bat >>> guiprova.mp3 >>> setup.py >>> speakgui4.py >>> speak_gui2.py >>> speak_gui3.py >>> thumb.PNG
在此示例中,我们查找所有目录及其子目录中包含的文件数。
import os def count(dir, counter=0): "returns number of files in dir and subdirs" for pack in os.walk(dir): for f in pack[2]: counter += 1 return dir + " : " + str(counter) + "files" print(count("F:\\python")) >>> 'F:\\\python' : 12057 files'
用于在计算机中进行排序的脚本,以查找一种类型的所有文件(默认值:pptx)并将其复制到新文件夹中。
import os import shutil from path import path destination = "F:\\file_copied" # os.makedirs(destination) def copyfile(dir, filetype='pptx', counter=0): "Searches for pptx (or other - pptx is the default) files and copies them" for pack in os.walk(dir): for f in pack[2]: if f.endswith(filetype): fullpath = pack[0] + "\\" + f print(fullpath) shutil.copy(fullpath, destination) counter += 1 if counter > 0: print('-' * 30) print("\t==> Found in: `" + dir + "` : " + str(counter) + " files\n") for dir in os.listdir(): "searches for folders that starts with `_`" if dir[0] == '_': # copyfile(dir, filetype='pdf') copyfile(dir, filetype='txt') >>> _compiti18\Compito Contabilità 1\conti.txt >>> _compiti18\Compito Contabilità 1\modula4.txt >>> _compiti18\Compito Contabilità 1\moduloa4.txt >>> ------------------------ >>> ==> Found in: `_compiti18` : 3 files
如果要使用所有文件名创建一个txt文件,请执行以下操作:
import os mylist = "" with open("filelist.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file: for eachfile in os.listdir(): mylist += eachfile + "\n" file.write(mylist)
""" We are going to save a txt file with all the files in your directory. We will use the function walk() """ import os # see all the methods of os # print(*dir(os), sep=", ") listafile = [] percorso = [] with open("lista_file.txt", "w", encoding='utf-8') as testo: for root, dirs, files in os.walk("D:\\"): for file in files: listafile.append(file) percorso.append(root + "\\" + file) testo.write(file + "\n") listafile.sort() print("N. of files", len(listafile)) with open("lista_file_ordinata.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as testo_ordinato: for file in listafile: testo_ordinato.write(file + "\n") with open("percorso.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file_percorso: for file in percorso: file_percorso.write(file + "\n") os.system("lista_file.txt") os.system("lista_file_ordinata.txt") os.system("percorso.txt")
这是先前代码的简短版本。如果你需要从其他位置开始,请更改开始查找文件的文件夹。这段代码在我的计算机上的文本文件上生成了50 mb的内容,其中包含完整路径的文件少于500.000行。
import os with open("file.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as filewrite: for r, d, f in os.walk("C:\\"): for file in f: filewrite.write(f"{r + file}\n")
使用此功能,你可以创建一个txt文件,该文件将具有你要查找的文件类型的名称(例如pngfile.txt),并带有该类型所有文件的所有完整路径。我认为有时候它会很有用。
import os def searchfiles(extension='.ttf', folder='H:\\'): "Create a txt file with all the file of a type" with open(extension[1:] + "file.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as filewrite: for r, d, f in os.walk(folder): for file in f: if file.endswith(extension): filewrite.write(f"{r + file}\n") # looking for png file (fonts) in the hard disk H:\ searchfiles('.png', 'H:\\') >>> H:\4bs_18\Dolphins5.png >>> H:\4bs_18\Dolphins6.png >>> H:\4bs_18\Dolphins7.png >>> H:\5_18\marketing html\assets\imageslogo2.png >>> H:\7z001.png >>> H:\7z002.png
我只是想在这个2019年添加一个小应用程序来搜索目录中的所有文件,并能够通过双击列表中文件的名称来打开它们。 在此
import tkinter as tk import os def searchfiles(extension='.txt', folder='H:\\'): "insert all files in the listbox" for r, d, f in os.walk(folder): for file in f: if file.endswith(extension): lb.insert(0, r + "\\" + file) def open_file(): os.startfile(lb.get(lb.curselection()[0])) root = tk.Tk() root.geometry("400x400") bt = tk.Button(root, text="Search", command=lambda:searchfiles('.png', 'H:\\')) bt.pack() lb = tk.Listbox(root) lb.pack(fill="both", expand=1) lb.bind("<Double-Button>", lambda x: open_file()) root.mainloop()