以下是BigQuery标准SQL

您可以使用compareSemanticVersionUDF比较两个语义版本
和/或使用normaizedSemanticVersionUDF通过ORDER BY子句对输出进行排序。
参见下面的示例（将比较用例和排序依据）合二为一

#standardSQL
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION normaizedSemanticVersion(semanticVersion STRING) 
AS ((
  SELECT STRING_AGG(
      IF(isDigit, REPEAT('0', 8 - LENGTH(chars)) || chars, chars), '' ORDER BY grp 
    ) || 'zzzzzzzzzzzzzz' 
  FROM (
    SELECT grp, isDigit, STRING_AGG(char, '' ORDER BY OFFSET) chars,
    FROM (
      SELECT OFFSET, char, isDigit,
        COUNTIF(NOT isDigit) OVER(ORDER BY OFFSET) AS grp
      FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(semanticVersion, '')) AS char WITH OFFSET, 
      UNNEST([char IN ('1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0')]) isDigit
    )
    GROUP BY grp, isDigit
)));
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION compareSemanticVersions(
  normSemanticVersion1 STRING, 
  normSemanticVersion2 STRING) 
AS ((
  SELECT CASE 
      WHEN v1 < v2 THEN 'v2 newer than v1'
      WHEN v1 > v2 THEN 'v1 newer than v2'
      ELSE 'same versions'
    END
  FROM UNNEST([STRUCT(
    normaizedSemanticVersion(normSemanticVersion1) AS v1, 
    normaizedSemanticVersion(normSemanticVersion2) AS v2
  )])
));
WITH test AS (
  SELECT '1.10.0-alpha' AS v1 , '1.0.0-alpha.1' AS v2 UNION ALL
  SELECT '4.0.0', '4.0.0-beta' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-alpha.1'     , '1.0.0-alpha.beta' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-alpha.beta'  , '1.0.0-beta' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-beta'        , '1.0.0-beta.2' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-beta.2'      , '1.0.0-beta.11' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-beta.11'     , '1.0.0-rc.1' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-rc.1'        , '1.0.0' UNION ALL
  SELECT '1.0.0-alpha-1.1+build1234-a', '1.0.0-alpha-1.1+build1234-a'
)
SELECT v1, v2, compareSemanticVersions(v1, v2) result
FROM test 
ORDER BY normaizedSemanticVersion(v1)

带输出

Row v1                              v2                              result   
1   1.0.0-alpha-1.1+build1234-a     1.0.0-alpha-1.1+build1234-a     same versions    
2   1.0.0-alpha.1                   1.0.0-alpha.beta                v2 newer than v1     
3   1.0.0-alpha.beta                1.0.0-beta                      v2 newer than v1     
4   1.0.0-beta.2                    1.0.0-beta.11                   v2 newer than v1     
5   1.0.0-beta.11                   1.0.0-rc.1                      v2 newer than v1     
6   1.0.0-beta                      1.0.0-beta.2                    v1 newer than v2     
7   1.0.0-rc.1                      1.0.0                           v2 newer than v1     
8   1.10.0-alpha                    1.0.0-alpha.1                   v1 newer than v2     
9   4.0.0                           4.0.0-beta                      v1 newer than v2

注意：我在阅读您提供的参考资料后，根据对语义版本控制的理解，在上面编写了UDF。潜在的一些极端情况仍然需要解决。但是绝对应该适用于简单的情况，我希望您将能够简单地采用这些UDF并根据您的特定需求调整输出，甚至可以优化我最终在这里使用的IDF。

仅供参考：在normaizedSemanticVersionUDF中，我zzzzzzzzzz仅用于解决一些极端情况。我尝试的另一个选择是..zzzzzzzzzz（请注意两个额外的点）-我认为这对于更复杂的情况会提供更好的结果-
但是我真的没有时间完成测试。请试试

例如，在“语义版本控制”页面中，有一个示例：1.0.0-alpha <1.0.0-alpha.1 <1.0.0-alpha beta <1.0.0-beta
<1.0.0-beta.2 <1.0。 0-beta.11 <1.0.0-rc.1 <1.0.0。

要使用与该示例相同的顺序-..zzzzzzzzzz应该使用-参见下文

#standardSQL
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION normaizedSemanticVersion(semanticVersion STRING) 
AS ((
  SELECT STRING_AGG(
      IF(isDigit, REPEAT('0', 8 - LENGTH(chars)) || chars, chars), '' ORDER BY grp 
    ) || '..zzzzzzzzzzzzzz' 
  FROM (
    SELECT grp, isDigit, STRING_AGG(char, '' ORDER BY OFFSET) chars,
    FROM (
      SELECT OFFSET, char, isDigit,
        COUNTIF(NOT isDigit) OVER(ORDER BY OFFSET) AS grp
      FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(semanticVersion, '')) AS char WITH OFFSET, 
      UNNEST([char IN ('1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0')]) isDigit
    )
    GROUP BY grp, isDigit
)));
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION compareSemanticVersions(
  normSemanticVersion1 STRING, 
  normSemanticVersion2 STRING) 
AS ((
  SELECT
    CASE 
      WHEN v1 < v2 THEN 'v2 newer than v1'
      WHEN v1 > v2 THEN 'v1 newer than v2'
      ELSE 'same versions'
    END
  FROM UNNEST([STRUCT(
    normaizedSemanticVersion(normSemanticVersion1) AS v1, 
    normaizedSemanticVersion(normSemanticVersion2) AS v2
  )])
));
WITH test AS (
  SELECT 1 `order`, '1.0.0-alpha' version UNION ALL
  SELECT 2, '1.0.0-alpha.1' UNION ALL
  SELECT 3, '1.0.0-alpha.beta' UNION ALL
  SELECT 4, '1.0.0-beta' UNION ALL
  SELECT 5, '1.0.0-beta.2' UNION ALL
  SELECT 6, '1.0.0-beta.11' UNION ALL
  SELECT 7, '1.0.0-rc.1' UNION ALL
  SELECT 8, '1.0.0.' 
)
SELECT *
FROM test
ORDER BY normaizedSemanticVersion(version)

输出与语义版本控制规范匹配

Row order   version  
1   1   1.0.0-alpha  
2   2   1.0.0-alpha.1    
3   3   1.0.0-alpha.beta     
4   4   1.0.0-beta   
5   5   1.0.0-beta.2     
6   6   1.0.0-beta.11    
7   7   1.0.0-rc.1   
8   8   1.0.0.