一尘不染

MySQL预订网站:查询/数据库优化

sql

在大多数查询中,我的表现都非常差。我已经阅读了很多关于stackoverflow的内容,但是仍然有一些问题,也许有人可以帮忙或者给我任何提示吗?

基本上,我正在预订网站上,除其他表格外,还有以下表格:

对象

+----+---------+--------+---------+------------+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+------------+-------+-------------+------+-----------+----------+-----+-----+
| id | user_id | status | type_id | privacy_id | location_id | address1 | address2 | object_name | short_name | price | currency_id | size | no_people | min_stay | lat | lng |
+----+---------+--------+---------+------------+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+------------+-------+-------------+------+-----------+----------+-----+-----+

或在MySQL中:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `objects` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'object_id',
  `user_id` int(11) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `status` tinyint(2) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `type_id` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'type of object, from object_type id',
  `privacy_id` tinyint(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT 'id from privacy',
  `location_id` int(11) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `address1` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `address2` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `object_name` varchar(35) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'given name by user',
  `short_name` varchar(12) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'short name, selected by user',
  `price` int(6) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `currency_id` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `size` int(4) unsigned DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'size rounded and in m2',
  `no_people` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'number of people',
  `min_stay` tinyint(2) unsigned DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '0=no min stay;else # nights',
  `lat` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `lng` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci AUTO_INCREMENT=1451046 ;

预约

+----+------------+-----------+-----------+---------+--------+
| id | by_user_id | object_id | from_date | to_date | status |
+----+------------+-----------+-----------+---------+--------+

或在MySQL中:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `reservations` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `by_user_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'user_id of guest',
  `object_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'id of object',
  `from_date` date NOT NULL COMMENT 'start date of reservation',
  `to_date` date NOT NULL COMMENT 'end date of reservation',
  `status` int(1) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci AUTO_INCREMENT=890729 ;

有几个问题:

1-我没有设置任何其他键(主键除外)-我​​应该在哪里设置,我应该设置哪个键?

2-我已经了解了MyISAM与InnoDB的关系,对我来说,结论是MyISAM在只读方面更快,而InnoDB是为更经常获得UPDATED或INSERTs的表而设计的。因此,当前对象使用MyISAM并保留InnoDB。这是一个好主意吗?有更好的选择吗?

3-我需要查询在一定时期(在from_date和end_date之间)可用的那些对象。

但是,当我使用建议的解决方案时,查询会在返回任何结果之前超时(因此它确实很慢):

SELECT DISTINCT o.id FROM objects o LEFT JOIN reservations r ON(r.object_id=o.id) WHERE

COALESCE('2012-04-05' NOT BETWEEN r.from_date AND r.to_date, TRUE)
AND COALESCE('2012-04-08' NOT BETWEEN r.from_date AND r.to_date, TRUE)
AND o.location_id=201

LIMIT 20

我究竟做错了什么?进行此类查询的最佳解决方案是什么?其他网站如何做?我的数据库结构不是最适合此的还是仅仅是查询?

我还有其他问题,但我将非常感谢您对此提供的任何帮助!非常感谢您的任何提示或建议!


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2021-05-23

共1个答案

一尘不染

似乎您正在寻找任何基于提供的开始/结束日期没有保留冲突的“对象”。进行coalcece()以始终包含保留中从未找到的那些对象是一个不错的选择,但是,作为左联接,我将尝试在找到日期的地方进行左联接,并忽略所有找到的对象。就像是

SELECT DISTINCT 
      o.id 
   FROM 
      objects o 
         LEFT JOIN reservations r 
            ON o.id = r.object_id
           AND (  r.from_date between '2012-04-05' and '2012-04-08'
               OR r.to_date between '2012-04-05' and '2012-04-08' )
   WHERE
          o.location_id = 201
      AND r.object_id IS NULL
  LIMIT 20

我将确保通过(object_id,from_date)和另一个(object_id,to_date)在保留表上建立索引。通过显式地使用范围之间的from_date(以及迄今为止),您正在专门寻找占用此时间段的预留空间。如果找到它们,则不允许这样做,因此WHERE子句将查找“
r.object_id IS NULL”(即:在您提供的日期范围内未发现任何冲突)

从我先前的答案扩展,并通过在(id,from date)和(id,to
date)上有两个不同的索引,您可以通过分别加入每个索引的保留并期望两个保留集中的NULL来获得更好的性能…

SELECT DISTINCT 
      o.id 
   FROM 
      objects o 
         LEFT JOIN reservations r 
            ON o.id = r.object_id
           AND r.from_date between '2012-04-05' and '2012-04-08'
         LEFT JOIN reservations r2 
            ON o.id = r2.object_id
           AND r2.to_date between '2012-04-05' and '2012-04-08'
   WHERE
          o.location_id = 201
      AND r.object_id IS NULL
      AND r2.object_id IS NULL
  LIMIT 20
2021-05-23