我有一个用这一行调用的脚本:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是可接受的解析方式,使得在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v
、、$f
和 $d
都将设置为true
并且$outFile
等于/fizz/someOtherFile
?
--option argument
)cat >/tmp/demo-space-separated.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
POSITIONAL_ARGS=()
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case $1 in
-e|--extension)
EXTENSION="$2"
shift # past argument
shift # past value
;;
-s|--searchpath)
SEARCHPATH="$2"
shift # past argument
shift # past value
;;
--default)
DEFAULT=YES
shift # past argument
;;
-*|--*)
echo "Unknown option $1"
exit 1
;;
*)
POSITIONAL_ARGS+=("$1") # save positional arg
shift # past argument
;;
esac
done
set -- "${POSITIONAL_ARGS[@]}" # restore positional parameters
echo "FILE EXTENSION = ${EXTENSION}"
echo "SEARCH PATH = ${SEARCHPATH}"
echo "DEFAULT = ${DEFAULT}"
echo "Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION:" $(ls -1 "${SEARCHPATH}"/*."${EXTENSION}" | wc -l)
if [[ -n $1 ]]; then
echo "Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:"
tail -1 "$1"
fi
EOF
chmod +x /tmp/demo-space-separated.sh
/tmp/demo-space-separated.sh -e conf -s /etc /etc/hosts
FILE EXTENSION = conf
SEARCH PATH = /etc
DEFAULT =
Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION: 14
Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:
#93.184.216.34 example.com
demo-space-separated.sh -e conf -s /etc /etc/hosts
--option=argument
)cat >/tmp/demo-equals-separated.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
for i in "$@"; do
case $i in
-e=*|--extension=*)
EXTENSION="${i#*=}"
shift # past argument=value
;;
-s=*|--searchpath=*)
SEARCHPATH="${i#*=}"
shift # past argument=value
;;
--default)
DEFAULT=YES
shift # past argument with no value
;;
-*|--*)
echo "Unknown option $i"
exit 1
;;
*)
;;
esac
done
echo "FILE EXTENSION = ${EXTENSION}"
echo "SEARCH PATH = ${SEARCHPATH}"
echo "DEFAULT = ${DEFAULT}"
echo "Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION:" $(ls -1 "${SEARCHPATH}"/*."${EXTENSION}" | wc -l)
if [[ -n $1 ]]; then
echo "Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:"
tail -1 $1
fi
EOF
chmod +x /tmp/demo-equals-separated.sh
/tmp/demo-equals-separated.sh -e=conf -s=/etc /etc/hosts
FILE EXTENSION = conf
SEARCH PATH = /etc
DEFAULT =
Number files in SEARCH PATH with EXTENSION: 14
Last line of file specified as non-opt/last argument:
#93.184.216.34 example.com
demo-equals-separated.sh -e=conf -s=/etc /etc/hosts
为了更好地理解在本指南${i#*=}
中搜索“子字符串删除” 。它在功能上等价于调用一个不需要的子进程或调用两个不需要的子进程。sed 's/[^=]*=//' <<< "$i"````echo "$i" | sed 's/[^=]*=//'
getopt(1) 限制(较旧、相对较新的getopt
版本):
较新的getopt
版本没有这些限制。有关更多信息,请参阅这些文档。
此外,POSIX shell 和其他提供getopts
的没有这些限制。我已经包括了一个简单的getopts
例子。
cat >/tmp/demo-getopts.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
# A POSIX variable
OPTIND=1 # Reset in case getopts has been used previously in the shell.
# Initialize our own variables:
output_file=""
verbose=0
while getopts "h?vf:" opt; do
case "$opt" in
h|\?)
show_help
exit 0
;;
v) verbose=1
;;
f) output_file=$OPTARG
;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
[ "${1:-}" = "--" ] && shift
echo "verbose=$verbose, output_file='$output_file', Leftovers: $@"
EOF
chmod +x /tmp/demo-getopts.sh
/tmp/demo-getopts.sh -vf /etc/hosts foo bar
verbose=1, output_file='/etc/hosts', Leftovers: foo bar
demo-getopts.sh -vf /etc/hosts foo bar
的优点getopts
是:
dash
.-vf filename
它可以像典型的 Unix 方式那样自动处理多个单个选项。的缺点getopts
是它只能处理短选项(-h
, not --help
)而无需额外代码。