这就是你的做法：

// Create an array of the attributes we want to resolve
// using values from a theme
int[] attrs = new int[] { R.attr.listItemBackground /* index 0 */};

// Obtain the styled attributes. 'themedContext' is a context with a
// theme, typically the current Activity (i.e. 'this')
TypedArray ta = themedContext.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs);

// To get the value of the 'listItemBackground' attribute that was
// set in the theme used in 'themedContext'. The parameter is the index
// of the attribute in the 'attrs' array. The returned Drawable
// is what you are after
Drawable drawableFromTheme = ta.getDrawable(0 /* index */);

// Finally, free the resources used by TypedArray
ta.recycle();