小能豆
阅读 83
2024-10-29
Pygame中的随机系统运动
py我正在制作一个 Covid 模拟器，需要我的球随机移动。但是，我希望它们保持沿着它们选择的第一个随机方向移动，并且只有在撞到另一个单元或撞到墙壁时才会改变方向。
我当前的代码如下：
import random
import pygame
# --- constants --- (UPPER_CASE_NAMES)
GREEN1 = (0, 255, 0) # Healthy cells
RED = (255, 0, 0) # Infected cells
GREEN2 = (0, 100, 0) # Healthy cells not susecptible
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # Dead cells
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BACKGROUND_COLOR = (225, 198, 153)
SCREEN_SIZE = (800, 800)
# --- classes --- (CamelCaseNames)
# class keeep only one cell so it should has name `Cell` instead of `Cells`
class Cell(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, color, speed, width, height):
super().__init__()
self.color = color
self.speed = speed
self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
self.image.fill(WHITE)
self.image.set_colorkey(WHITE)
self.radius = width // 2 # 25
center = [width // 2, height // 2]
pygame.draw.circle(self.image, self.color, center, self.radius, width=0)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = random.randint(0, 400)
self.rect.y = random.randint(50, 700)
self.pos = pygame.math.Vector2(self.rect.center)
self.dir = pygame.math.Vector2(1, 0).rotate(random.randrange(360))
def update(self):
self.pos += self.dir * self.speed
if self.pos.x - self.radius < 0 or self.pos.x + self.radius > SCREEN_SIZE[0]:
self.dir.x *= -1
if self.pos.y - self.radius < 0 or self.pos.y + self.radius > SCREEN_SIZE[1]:
self.dir.y *= -1
for other_cell in all_cells:
if all_cells != self:
distance_vec = self.pos - other_cell.pos
if 0 < distance_vec.length_squared() < (self.radius * 2) ** 2:
self.dir.reflect_ip(distance_vec)
other_cell.dir.reflect_ip(distance_vec)
self.rect.centerx = round(self.pos.x)
self.rect.centery = round(self.pos.y)
# --- functions --- (lower_case_names)
# empty
# --- main --- (lower_case_names)
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE)
pygame.display.set_caption("Covid-19 Simualtion")
speed = [0.5, -0.5]
# - objects -
all_cells = pygame.sprite.Group() # PEP8: lower_case_name
for _ in range(5):
cell = Cell(GREEN1, 5, 10, 10) # PEP8: lower_case_name
all_cells.add(cell)
# - loop -
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
end = False
while not end:
# - events -
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
end = True
# - upadates (without draws) -
all_cells.update()
# - draws (without updates) -
screen.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (0, 50, 400, 700), 3)
all_cells.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(30) # to use less CPU
# - end
pygame.quit() # some system may need it to close window
我想知道是否有办法做到这一点，非常感谢任何帮助。提前致谢。我尝试将下面的第一个答案复制到我的 pycharm 中，但没有成功，所以现在我把我的完整代码放在上面，而不是只放一个部分，以备不时之需。抱歉之前没有放上所有内容
阅读 83
2024-10-29
共1个答案
小能豆
我建议使用pygame.math.Vector2。将属性pos和dir（位置和方向）添加到类中Cell。使用属性的中心设置位置rect并生成具有随机方向的向量：
class Cell(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, color, speed, width, height):
# [...]
self.pos = pygame.math.Vector2(self.rect.center)
self.dir = pygame.math.Vector2(1, 0).rotate(random.randrange(360))
使用方法 改变位置update。将方向向量dir与的乘积添加speed到位置 ( )。通过对位置向量pos进行四舍五入 ( ) 来更新矩形的位置：round
class Cell(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# [...]
def update(self):
self.pos += self.dir * self.speed
self.rect.centerx = round(self.pos.x)
self.rect.centery = round(self.pos.y)
并将建议应用到您的代码中：
class Cell(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# [...]
def update(self):
self.pos += self.dir * self.speed
if self.pos.x - self.radius < 0:
self.pos.x = self.radius
self.dir.x = abs(self.dir.x)
elif self.pos.x + self.radius > 400:
self.pos.x = 400 - self.radius
self.dir.x = -abs(self.dir.x)
if self.pos.y - self.radius < 50:
self.pos.y = 50 + self.radius
self.dir.y = abs(self.dir.y)
elif self.pos.y + self.radius > 700:
self.pos.y = 700 - self.radius
self.dir.y = -abs(self.dir.y)
self.rect.centerx = round(self.pos.x)
self.rect.centery = round(self.pos.y)
测试单元格是否发生碰撞，并在检测到碰撞时反映方向向量：
class Cell(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# [...]
def update(self):
self.pos += self.dir * self.speed
# [...]
for other_cell in all_cells:
if all_cells != self:
distance_vec = self.pos - other_cell.pos
if 0 < distance_vec.length_squared() < (self.radius*2) ** 2:
self.dir.reflect_ip(distance_vec)
other_cell.dir.reflect_ip(distance_vec)
self.rect.centerx = round(self.pos.x)
self.rect.centery = round(self.pos.y)
另请参阅碰撞与相交 - 圆与圆
完整示例：
import random
import pygame
class Particle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, hue, pos, radius, dir, vel):
super().__init__()
self.pos = pygame.math.Vector2(pos)
self.dir = pygame.math.Vector2(dir)
self.vel = vel
self.radius = radius
self.rect = pygame.Rect(round(self.pos.x - radius), round(self.pos.y - radius), radius*2, radius*2)
self.image = pygame.Surface((radius*2, radius*2))
self.changeColor(hue)
def changeColor(self, hue):
self.hue = hue
color = pygame.Color(0)
color.hsla = (self.hue, 100, 50, 100)
self.image.set_colorkey((0, 0, 0))
self.image.fill(0)
pygame.draw.circle(self.image, color, (self.radius, self.radius), self.radius)
def move(self):
self.pos += self.dir * self.vel
def update(self, border_rect):
if self.pos.x - self.radius < border_rect.left:
self.pos.x = border_rect.left + self.radius
self.dir.x = abs(self.dir.x)
elif self.pos.x + self.radius > border_rect.right:
self.pos.x = border_rect.right - self.radius
self.dir.x = -abs(self.dir.x)
if self.pos.y - self.radius < border_rect.top:
self.pos.y = border_rect.top + self.radius
self.dir.y = abs(self.dir.y)
elif self.pos.y + self.radius > border_rect.bottom:
self.pos.y = border_rect.bottom - self.radius
self.dir.y = -abs(self.dir.y)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center = (round(self.pos.x), round(self.pos.y)))
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 400))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
rect_area = window.get_rect().inflate(-40, -40)
all_particles = pygame.sprite.Group()
radius, velocity = 5, 1
pos_rect = rect_area.inflate(-radius * 2, -radius * 2)
run = True
while run:
clock.tick(40)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
if len(all_particles.sprites()) < 100:
hue = random.randrange(360)
x = random.randrange(pos_rect.left, pos_rect.right)
y = random.randrange(pos_rect.top, pos_rect.bottom)
dir = pygame.math.Vector2(1, 0).rotate(random.randrange(360))
particle = Particle(hue, (x, y), radius, dir, velocity)
if not pygame.sprite.spritecollide(particle, all_particles, False, collided = pygame.sprite.collide_circle):
all_particles.add(particle)
for particle in all_particles:
particle.move()
particle_list = all_particles.sprites()
for i, particle_1 in enumerate(particle_list):
for particle_2 in particle_list[i:]:
distance_vec = particle_1.pos - particle_2.pos
if 0 < distance_vec.length_squared() < (particle_1.radius + particle_2.radius) ** 2:
particle_1.dir.reflect_ip(distance_vec)
particle_2.dir.reflect_ip(distance_vec)
if abs(particle_1.hue - particle_2.hue) <= 180:
hue = (particle_1.hue + particle_2.hue) // 2
else:
hue = (particle_1.hue + particle_2.hue + 360) // 2 % 360
particle_1.changeColor(hue)
particle_2.changeColor(hue)
break
all_particles.update(rect_area)
window.fill(0)
pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), rect_area, 3)
all_particles.draw(window)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
exit()
2024-10-29