小能豆

将字符串强制转换为unicode时,如何让python 2.x发出警告?

py

一个非常常见的编码错误来源是,unicode当你将字符串与 相加时, python 2 会默默地将字符串强制转换为unicode。这可能会导致混合编码问题,并且很难调试。

例如:

import urllib
import webbrowser
name = raw_input("What's your name?\nName: ")
greeting = "Hello, %s" % name
if name == "John":
    greeting += u' (Feliz cumplea\xf1os!)'
webbrowser.open('http://lmgtf\x79.com?q=' + urllib.quote_plus(greeting))

如果输入“John”,将会失败并出现一个神秘的错误:

/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib.py:1268: UnicodeWarning: Unicode equal comparison faile
d to convert both arguments to Unicode - interpreting them as being unequal
  return ''.join(map(quoter, s))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "feliz.py", line 7, in <module>
    webbrowser.open('http://lmgtf\x79.com?q=' + urllib.quote_plus(greeting))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib.py", line 1273, in quote_plus
    s = quote(s, safe + ' ')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib.py", line 1268, in quote
    return ''.join(map(quoter, s))
KeyError: u'\xf1'

当实际错误距离实际强制发生的位置相距甚远时,追踪就特别困难。

如何配置 python 以便在字符串强制转换为 unicode 时立即发出警告或异常?


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2024-11-17

共1个答案

小能豆

只需安装它并像这样运行您的程序:

python -Werror -municodenazi myprog.py

你会在强制转换发生的地方得到一个回溯:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 162, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", fname, loader, pkg_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 72, in _run_code
    exec code in run_globals
  File "SITE-PACKAGES/unicodenazi.py", line 128, in <module>
    main()
  File "SITE-PACKAGES/unicodenazi.py", line 119, in main
    execfile(sys.argv[0], main_mod.__dict__)
  File "myprog.py", line 4, in <module>
    print foo()
  File "myprog.py", line 2, in foo
    return 'bar' + u'baz'
  File "SITE-PACKAGES/unicodenazi.py", line 34, in warning_decode
    stacklevel=2)
UnicodeWarning: Implicit conversion of str to unicode

如果你正在处理会自行触发隐式强制的 Python 库,并且无法捕获异常或以其他方式解决它们,那么你可以省略-Werror

python -municodenazi myprog.py

当这种情况发生时,至少可以在 stderr 上看到打印出来的警告:

/SITE-PACKAGES/unicodenazi.py:119: UnicodeWarning: Implicit conversion of str to unicode
  execfile(sys.argv[0], main_mod.__dict__)
2024-11-17