小能豆

更改列表中某个列表的第 n 个元素会更改列表中所有列表的第 n 个元素

py

有一个井字游戏程序,它首先创建一个游戏计划,其中每一行都是一个包含空填充符号的列表,这意味着方块是空的。

def createGamePlan(size, sign): 
    gPlan = []
    row = [sign]*size
    for i in range(size):
      gPlan.append(row)
    return gPlan

当用户选择行和列时,我希望更新该特定元素的符号。因此,如果我想将第二行的第一列更新为“X”,我会

def updateGamePlan(row, col, gamePlan, sign):
    gamePlan[1][0] = "X"

但是,这会改变每一行的第一列,我不知道为什么。我指定它是第二行(gamePlan 列表的第 1 个元素,以及该内部列表的第 0 个元素,即第一列)。有人能指出哪里出了问题吗,以及我如何才能在上面的例子中只改变第二行的第一列,而不是每一行


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2024-12-17

共1个答案

小能豆

要理解的关键是list对象没有行和列。列表对象是有序的、异构的对象序列。当你这样做时:

def createGamePlan(size, sign): 
    gPlan = []
    row = [sign]*size
    for i in range(size):
      gPlan.append(row) # appends the SAME object
    return gPlan

因此,请考虑以下情况:

>>> a = ['foo']
>>> bar = []
>>> for _ in range(4):
...     bar.append(a)
...
>>> [id(x) for x in bar]
[4534044744, 4534044744, 4534044744, 4534044744]

所有物件都一樣!

>>> bar[0].append('baz')
>>> bar
[['foo', 'baz'], ['foo', 'baz'], ['foo', 'baz'], ['foo', 'baz']]

您创建了一个包含相同对象多次的列表。解决方案是什么?附加一份副本

def createGamePlan(size, sign): 
    gPlan = []
    row = [sign]*size
    for i in range(size):
      gPlan.append(row.copy()) # appends a NEW object
    return gPlan

但要小心,因为.copy只进行拷贝。考虑一下:

>>> row = [['foo'], ['bar']]
>>> grid = []
>>> for _ in range(5):
...     grid.append(row.copy())
...
>>> grid
[[['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']]]

好的,太棒了!这些都是独立的物体!:

>>> [id(x) for x in grid]
[4534044616, 4534135432, 4534135560, 4534135176, 4534135688]

那么…这应该可以正常工作,不是吗?

>>> grid[0][0].append('baz')
>>> grid
[[['foo', 'baz'], ['bar']], [['foo', 'baz'], ['bar']], [['foo', 'baz'], ['bar']], [['foo', 'baz'], ['bar']], [['foo', 'baz'], ['bar']]]

发生了什么事?其实,浅拷贝创建了新的列表,但没有创建新的子列表,也就是说,它没有复制元素中包含的任何元素:

>>> [id(x) for row in grid for x in row]
[4534135048, 4534135112, 4534135048, 4534135112, 4534135048, 4534135112, 4534135048, 4534135112, 4534135048, 4534135112]
>>>

为此,您需要一个deepcopy

>>> import copy
>>> row = [['foo'], ['bar']]
>>> grid = []
>>> for _ in range(5):
...     grid.append(copy.deepcopy(row))
...
>>> grid
[[['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']]]
>>> [id(x) for row in grid for x in row]
[4534135432, 4534135368, 4534135176, 4534135880, 4534136328, 4534161928, 4534135112, 4534162120, 4534162248, 4534162184]
>>> grid[0][0].append('baz')
>>> grid
[[['foo', 'baz'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']], [['foo'], ['bar']]]
>>>
2024-12-17