您可以使用自定义函数：

def color(df):
    out = pd.DataFrame(None, index=df.index, columns=df.columns)
    out['value'] = (df['value']
                    .between(df['lower limit'], df['upper limit']) 
                    .map({True: 'background-color: yellow'})
                    )
    return out

df.style.apply(color, axis=None)

带参数：

def color(df, value, low, high, color='red'):
    out = pd.DataFrame(None, index=df.index, columns=df.columns)
    out[value] = (df[value]
                    .between(df[low], df[high]) 
                    .map({True: f'background-color: {color}'})
                    )
    return out

df.style.apply(color, value='value', low='lower limit', high='upper limit',
               color='yellow', axis=None)

输出：