有很多方法可以做你想要的。要添加@inalis和@Navi所说的内容，可以使用bbox_to_anchor关键字参数将图例部分地放置在轴外and/or 减小字体大小。

在考虑减小字体大小（这会使阅读起来非常困难）之前，请尝试将图例放在不同的位置：

因此，让我们从一个通用示例开始：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$' % i)

ax.legend()

plt.show()

如果我们做同样的事情，但是使用bbox_to_anchor关键字参数，我们可以将图例稍微移出轴边界：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$' % i)

ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 1.05))

plt.show()

同样，你可以使图例更加水平和/或将其放在图的顶部（我也打开了圆角和简单的阴影）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    line, = ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

ax.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1.05),
          ncol=3, fancybox=True, shadow=True)
plt.show()

另外，你可以缩小当前图的宽度，并将图例完全放在图的轴外：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

# Shrink current axis by 20%
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * 0.8, box.height])

# Put a legend to the right of the current axis
ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))

plt.show()

同样，你可以垂直缩小图，并在底部放置水平图例：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(10)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)

for i in xrange(5):
    line, = ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)

# Shrink current axis's height by 10% on the bottom
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0 + box.height * 0.1,
                 box.width, box.height * 0.9])

# Put a legend below current axis
ax.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -0.05),
          fancybox=True, shadow=True, ncol=5)

plt.show()

你可以通过创建字体属性来缩小图例文本：

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties

fontP = FontProperties()
fontP.set_size('small')
legend([plot1], "title", prop=fontP) 
# or add prop=fontP to whatever legend() call you already have