一尘不染

深度克隆对象

c#

我想做类似的事情:

MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();

然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。

我通常不需要此功能,因此在必要时我会先创建一个新对象,然后分别复制每个属性,但是这总是让我感到有更好或更优雅的处理方式情况。

如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便可以修改克隆的对象而不会在原始对象中反映任何更改?


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2020-05-19

共1个答案

一尘不染

虽然标准做法是实现ICloneable接口(在此进行描述,所以我不会反驳),但这是我之前在The Code
Project
上发现的一个不错的深克隆对象复印机,并将其合并到我们的资料中。

如在其他地方提到的,它确实要求您的对象可序列化。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

/// <summary>
/// Reference Article http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// Provides a method for performing a deep copy of an object.
/// Binary Serialization is used to perform the copy.
/// </summary>
public static class ObjectCopier
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Perform a deep Copy of the object.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
    /// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
    /// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
    public static T Clone<T>(T source)
    {
        if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", nameof(source));
        }

        // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
        {
            return default(T);
        }

        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
        using (stream)
        {
            formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
            stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
        }
    }
}

这个想法是先序列化您的对象,然后反序列化为一个新的对象。这样做的好处是,当对象变得太复杂时,您不必担心克隆所有内容。

并使用扩展方法(也来自最初引用的源):

如果您更喜欢使用C#3.0
的新扩展方法,请将方法更改为具有以下签名:

public static T Clone<T>(this T source)
{
   //...
}

现在,方法调用简单地变为objectBeingCloned.Clone();

编辑
(2015年1月10日)以为我会重新审视此事,我最近提到开始使用(Newtonsoft)Json来做到这一点,它应该更轻巧,并且避免了[Serializable]标签的开销。( NB @atconway在注释中指出,不使用JSON方法克隆私有成员)

/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of the object, using Json as a serialisation method. NOTE: Private members are not cloned using this method.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneJson<T>(this T source)
{            
    // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
    if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
    {
        return default(T);
    }

    // initialize inner objects individually
    // for example in default constructor some list property initialized with some values,
    // but in 'source' these items are cleaned -
    // without ObjectCreationHandling.Replace default constructor values will be added to result
    var deserializeSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings {ObjectCreationHandling = ObjectCreationHandling.Replace};

    return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(source), deserializeSettings);
}
2020-05-19