您可以获得与处理器有关的多种不同信息：

1. 物理处理器数量
2. 核心数
3. 逻辑处理器数。

这些都可以不同。对于具有2个启用双核超线程的处理器的计算机，则有2个物理处理器，4个内核和8个逻辑处理器。

逻辑处理器的数量可通过Environment类获得，但其他信息仅可通过WMI获得（并且可能必须安装一些修补程序或Service
Pack才能在某些系统上获得它）：

确保在项目中添加对System.Management.dll的引用。 在.NET Core中，该 引用
作为NuGet包可用（仅适用于Windows）。

物理处理器：

foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem").Get())
{
    Console.WriteLine("Number Of Physical Processors: {0} ", item["NumberOfProcessors"]);
}

核心数：

int coreCount = 0;
foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_Processor").Get())
{
    coreCount += int.Parse(item["NumberOfCores"].ToString());
}
Console.WriteLine("Number Of Cores: {0}", coreCount);

逻辑处理器：

Console.WriteLine("Number Of Logical Processors: {0}", Environment.ProcessorCount);

要么

foreach (var item in new System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem").Get())
{
    Console.WriteLine("Number Of Logical Processors: {0}", item["NumberOfLogicalProcessors"]);
}

Windows排除的处理器：

您还可以在 setupapi.dll中 使用Windows
API调用来发现已从Windows排除的处理器（例如，通过启动设置），并且使用上述方法无法检测到。下面的代码给出了存在的逻辑处理器的总数（我无法弄清楚如何区分物理处理器与逻辑处理器），包括已从Windows中排除的逻辑处理器：

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int deviceCount = 0;
    IntPtr deviceList = IntPtr.Zero;
    // GUID for processor classid
    Guid processorGuid = new Guid("{50127dc3-0f36-415e-a6cc-4cb3be910b65}");

    try
    {
        // get a list of all processor devices
        deviceList = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref processorGuid, "ACPI", IntPtr.Zero, (int)DIGCF.PRESENT);
        // attempt to process each item in the list
        for (int deviceNumber = 0; ; deviceNumber++)
        {
            SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfo = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
            deviceInfo.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(deviceInfo);

            // attempt to read the device info from the list, if this fails, we're at the end of the list
            if (!SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(deviceList, deviceNumber, ref deviceInfo))
            {
                deviceCount = deviceNumber;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        if (deviceList != IntPtr.Zero) { SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(deviceList); }
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Number of cores: {0}", deviceCount);
}

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid,
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]String enumerator,
    IntPtr hwndParent,
    Int32 Flags);

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern Int32 SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet,
    Int32 MemberIndex,
    ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInterfaceData);

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct SP_DEVINFO_DATA
{
    public int cbSize;
    public Guid ClassGuid;
    public uint DevInst;
    public IntPtr Reserved;
}

private enum DIGCF
{
    DEFAULT = 0x1,
    PRESENT = 0x2,
    ALLCLASSES = 0x4,
    PROFILE = 0x8,
    DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10,
}