我正在为新网站构建 用户类 ,但是这次我在考虑构建它有点不同…
C ++ , Java 甚至 Ruby (可能还有其他编程语言)都允许在主类内部使用嵌套/内部类,这使我们可以使代码更加面向对象和组织化。
在PHP中,我想这样做:
<?php public class User { public $userid; public $username; private $password; public class UserProfile { // some code here } private class UserHistory { // some code here } } ?>
这在PHP中可行吗?我该如何实现?
更新
如果不可能,将来的PHP版本是否会支持嵌套类?
嵌套类与其他类的关系与外部类略有不同。以Java为例:
非静态嵌套类可以访问封闭类的其他成员,即使它们被声明为私有的也是如此。同样,非静态嵌套类要求实例化父类的实例。
OuterClass outerObj = new OuterClass(arguments); outerObj.InnerClass innerObj = outerObj.new InnerClass(arguments);
使用它们有几个令人信服的原因:
如果一个类仅对其他一个类有用,那么将其关联并嵌入该类并将两者保持在一起是合乎逻辑的。
考虑两个顶级类A和B,其中B需要访问A的成员,否则将其声明为私有。通过将类B隐藏在类A中,可以将A的成员声明为私有,而B可以访问它们。另外,B本身可以对外界隐藏。
嵌套类通常与其父类相关,并一起形成一个“包”
如果没有嵌套类,则在PHP中可以具有 类似的 行为。
如果您要实现的只是结构/组织,如Package.OuterClass.InnerClass,则PHP名称空间可能就足够了。您甚至可以在同一文件中声明多个名称空间(尽管由于标准的自动加载功能,可能不建议这样做)。
namespace; class OuterClass {} namespace OuterClass; class InnerClass {}
如果您希望模拟其他特征,例如成员可见性,则需要花费更多的精力。
namespace { class Package { /* protect constructor so that objects can't be instantiated from outside * Since all classes inherit from Package class, they can instantiate eachother * simulating protected InnerClasses */ protected function __construct() {} /* This magic method is called everytime an inaccessible method is called * (either by visibility contrains or it doesn't exist) * Here we are simulating shared protected methods across "package" classes * This method is inherited by all child classes of Package */ public function __call($method, $args) { //class name $class = get_class($this); /* we check if a method exists, if not we throw an exception * similar to the default error */ if (method_exists($this, $method)) { /* The method exists so now we want to know if the * caller is a child of our Package class. If not we throw an exception * Note: This is a kind of a dirty way of finding out who's * calling the method by using debug_backtrace and reflection */ $trace = debug_backtrace(DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS, 3); if (isset($trace[2])) { $ref = new ReflectionClass($trace[2]['class']); if ($ref->isSubclassOf(__CLASS__)) { return $this->$method($args); } } throw new \Exception("Call to private method $class::$method()"); } else { throw new \Exception("Call to undefined method $class::$method()"); } } } }
namespace Package { class MyParent extends \Package { public $publicChild; protected $protectedChild; public function __construct() { //instantiate public child inside parent $this->publicChild = new \Package\MyParent\PublicChild(); //instantiate protected child inside parent $this->protectedChild = new \Package\MyParent\ProtectedChild(); } public function test() { echo "Call from parent -> "; $this->publicChild->protectedMethod(); $this->protectedChild->protectedMethod(); echo "<br>Siblings<br>"; $this->publicChild->callSibling($this->protectedChild); } } } namespace Package\MyParent { class PublicChild extends \Package { //Makes the constructor public, hence callable from outside public function __construct() {} protected function protectedMethod() { echo "I'm ".get_class($this)." protected method<br>"; } protected function callSibling($sibling) { echo "Call from " . get_class($this) . " -> "; $sibling->protectedMethod(); } } class ProtectedChild extends \Package { protected function protectedMethod() { echo "I'm ".get_class($this)." protected method<br>"; } protected function callSibling($sibling) { echo "Call from " . get_class($this) . " -> "; $sibling->protectedMethod(); } } }
$parent = new Package\MyParent(); $parent->test(); $pubChild = new Package\MyParent\PublicChild();//create new public child (possible) $protChild = new Package\MyParent\ProtectedChild(); //create new protected child (ERROR)
输出:
Call from parent -> I'm Package protected method I'm Package protected method Siblings Call from Package -> I'm Package protected method Fatal error: Call to protected Package::__construct() from invalid context
我真的不认为尝试在PHP中模拟innerClasses是一个好主意。我认为代码不太清晰易读。另外,可能还有其他方法可以使用完善的模式来获得相似的结果,例如观察者,装饰或合并模式。有时,即使是简单的继承也已足够。