如前面的注释中所述，该请求在到达MVC层之前被安全框架拒绝，因此@ControllerAdvice这里不是一个选择。

Spring Security框架中有3个接口可能是您感兴趣的：

• org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationSuccessHandler
• org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationFailureHandler
• org.springframework.security.web.access.AccessDeniedHandler

您可以为每个接口创建实现，以自定义针对各种事件发送的响应：成功登录，登录失败，尝试使用权限不足访问受保护的资源。

以下将在登录尝试失败时返回JSON响应：

@Component
public class RestAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler
{
  @Override
  public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
      AuthenticationException ex) throws IOException, ServletException
  {
    response.setStatus(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());

    Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
    data.put("timestamp", new Date());
    data.put("status",HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());
    data.put("message", "Access Denied");
    data.put("path", request.getRequestURL().toString());

    OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
    com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    mapper.writeValue(out, data);
    out.flush();
  }
}

您还需要向安全框架注册您的实现。在Java配置中，如下所示：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@ComponentScan("...")
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
{
  @Override
  public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception
  {
    http.addFilterBefore(corsFilter(), ChannelProcessingFilter.class).logout().deleteCookies("JESSIONID")
        .logoutUrl("/api/logout").logoutSuccessHandler(logoutSuccessHandler()).and().formLogin().loginPage("/login")
        .loginProcessingUrl("/api/login").failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler())
        .successHandler(authenticationSuccessHandler()).and().csrf().disable().exceptionHandling()
        .authenticationEntryPoint(authenticationEntryPoint()).accessDeniedHandler(accessDeniedHandler());
  }

  /**
   * @return Custom {@link AuthenticationFailureHandler} to send suitable response to REST clients in the event of a
   *         failed authentication attempt.
   */
  @Bean
  public AuthenticationFailureHandler authenticationFailureHandler()
  {
    return new RestAuthenticationFailureHandler();
  }

  /**
   * @return Custom {@link AuthenticationSuccessHandler} to send suitable response to REST clients in the event of a
   *         successful authentication attempt.
   */
  @Bean
  public AuthenticationSuccessHandler authenticationSuccessHandler()
  {
    return new RestAuthenticationSuccessHandler();
  }

  /**
   * @return Custom {@link AccessDeniedHandler} to send suitable response to REST clients in the event of an attempt to
   *         access resources to which the user has insufficient privileges.
   */
  @Bean
  public AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler()
  {
    return new RestAccessDeniedHandler();
  }
}