嗯，对我有用的是对该答案的改编。代码是：

如果使用java -jar myapp.jar进行运行，dirtyPath将接近以下内容：jar：file：/
D：/arquivos/repositorio/myapp/trunk/target/myapp-1.0.3-RELEASE.jar！/ BOOT-
INF / classes！/ br / com / cancastilho / service。或者，如果您从Spring Tools
Suit运行，则如下所示：file：/ D：/ arquivos / repositorio / myapp / trunk / target /
classes / br / com / cancastilho / service

public String getParentDirectoryFromJar() {
    String dirtyPath = getClass().getResource("").toString();
    String jarPath = dirtyPath.replaceAll("^.*file:/", ""); //removes file:/ and everything before it
    jarPath = jarPath.replaceAll("jar!.*", "jar"); //removes everything after .jar, if .jar exists in dirtyPath
    jarPath = jarPath.replaceAll("%20", " "); //necessary if path has spaces within
    if (!jarPath.endsWith(".jar")) { // this is needed if you plan to run the app using Spring Tools Suit play button. 
        jarPath = jarPath.replaceAll("/classes/.*", "/classes/");
    }
    String directoryPath = Paths.get(jarPath).getParent().toString(); //Paths - from java 8
    return directoryPath;
}

编辑：

实际上，如果您使用的是Spring
Boot，则可以像这样使用ApplicationHome类：

ApplicationHome home = new ApplicationHome(MyMainSpringBootApplication.class);
home.getDir();    // returns the folder where the jar is. This is what I wanted.
home.getSource(); // returns the jar absolute path.