我遇到了与Elad的第3点相同的问题，并最终通过使用此处演示的基本框架解决了这个问题，但是使用了DeployerPartitionHandler和DeployerStepExecutionHandler的修改版本。

我首先尝试了一种创建两级分区的幼稚方法，其中，每个工作人员执行的步骤本身都被划分为子分区。但是该框架似乎并不支持这一点。它对步骤的状态感到困惑。

因此，我回到了一组平坦的分区，但将多个步骤执行ID传递给每个工作人员。为此，我创建了DeployerMultiPartitionHandler，它启动配置的数量的工作程序并将每个步骤执行ID传递给每个工作程序。请注意，现在有两个自由度：工人数和gridSize，gridSize是尽可能均匀地分配给工人的分区总数。不幸的是，我不得不在这里重复很多DeployerPartitionHandler的代码。

@Slf4j
@Getter
@Setter
public class DeployerMultiPartitionHandler implements PartitionHandler, EnvironmentAware, InitializingBean {

    public static final String SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_EXECUTION_IDS =
            "spring.cloud.task.step-execution-ids";

    public static final String SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_JOB_EXECUTION_ID =
            "spring.cloud.task.job-execution-id";

    public static final String SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_EXECUTION_ID =
            "spring.cloud.task.step-execution-id";

    public static final String SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_NAME =
            "spring.cloud.task.step-name";

    public static final String SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_PARENT_EXECUTION_ID =
            "spring.cloud.task.parentExecutionId";

    public static final String SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_NAME = "spring.cloud.task.name";

    private int maxWorkers = -1;

    private int gridSize = 1;

    private int currentWorkers = 0;

    private TaskLauncher taskLauncher;

    private JobExplorer jobExplorer;

    private TaskExecution taskExecution;

    private Resource resource;

    private String stepName;

    private long pollInterval = 10000;

    private long timeout = -1;

    private Environment environment;

    private Map<String, String> deploymentProperties;

    private EnvironmentVariablesProvider environmentVariablesProvider;

    private String applicationName;

    private CommandLineArgsProvider commandLineArgsProvider;

    private boolean defaultArgsAsEnvironmentVars = false;

    public DeployerMultiPartitionHandler(TaskLauncher taskLauncher,
                                    JobExplorer jobExplorer,
                                    Resource resource,
                                    String stepName) {
            Assert.notNull(taskLauncher, "A taskLauncher is required");
            Assert.notNull(jobExplorer, "A jobExplorer is required");
            Assert.notNull(resource, "A resource is required");
            Assert.hasText(stepName, "A step name is required");

            this.taskLauncher = taskLauncher;
            this.jobExplorer = jobExplorer;
            this.resource = resource;
            this.stepName = stepName;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<StepExecution> handle(StepExecutionSplitter stepSplitter,
                                            StepExecution stepExecution) throws Exception {


        final Set<StepExecution> tempCandidates =
                stepSplitter.split(stepExecution, this.gridSize);

        // Following two lines due to https://jira.spring.io/browse/BATCH-2490
        final List<StepExecution> candidates = new ArrayList<>(tempCandidates.size());
        candidates.addAll(tempCandidates);

        int partitions = candidates.size();

        log.debug(String.format("%s partitions were returned", partitions));

        final Set<StepExecution> executed = new HashSet<>(candidates.size());

        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(candidates)) {
            return null;
        }

        launchWorkers(candidates, executed);

        candidates.removeAll(executed);

        return pollReplies(stepExecution, executed, partitions);
    }

    private void launchWorkers(List<StepExecution> candidates, Set<StepExecution> executed) {
        int partitions = candidates.size();
        int numWorkers = this.maxWorkers != -1 ? Math.min(this.maxWorkers, partitions) : partitions;
        IntStream.range(0, numWorkers).boxed()
                .map(i -> candidates.subList(partitionOffset(partitions, numWorkers, i), partitionOffset(partitions, numWorkers, i + 1)))
                .filter(not(List::isEmpty))
                .forEach(stepExecutions -> processStepExecutions(stepExecutions, executed));
    }

    private void processStepExecutions(List<StepExecution> stepExecutions, Set<StepExecution> executed) {
        launchWorker(stepExecutions);
        this.currentWorkers++;
        executed.addAll(stepExecutions);
    }

    private void launchWorker(List<StepExecution> workerStepExecutions) {
        List<String> arguments = new ArrayList<>();

        StepExecution firstWorkerStepExecution = workerStepExecutions.get(0);
        ExecutionContext copyContext = new ExecutionContext(firstWorkerStepExecution.getExecutionContext());

        arguments.addAll(
                this.commandLineArgsProvider
                        .getCommandLineArgs(copyContext));

        String jobExecutionId = String.valueOf(firstWorkerStepExecution.getJobExecution().getId());
        String stepExecutionIds = workerStepExecutions.stream().map(workerStepExecution -> String.valueOf(workerStepExecution.getId())).collect(joining(","));
        String taskName = String.format("%s_%s_%s",
                taskExecution.getTaskName(),
                firstWorkerStepExecution.getJobExecution().getJobInstance().getJobName(),
                firstWorkerStepExecution.getStepName());
        String parentExecutionId = String.valueOf(taskExecution.getExecutionId());

        if(!this.defaultArgsAsEnvironmentVars) {
            arguments.add(formatArgument(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_JOB_EXECUTION_ID,
                    jobExecutionId));
            arguments.add(formatArgument(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_EXECUTION_IDS,
                    stepExecutionIds));
            arguments.add(formatArgument(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_NAME, this.stepName));
            arguments.add(formatArgument(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_NAME, taskName));
            arguments.add(formatArgument(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_PARENT_EXECUTION_ID,
                    parentExecutionId));
        }

        copyContext = new ExecutionContext(firstWorkerStepExecution.getExecutionContext());

        log.info("launchWorker context={}", copyContext);

        Map<String, String> environmentVariables = this.environmentVariablesProvider.getEnvironmentVariables(copyContext);

        if(this.defaultArgsAsEnvironmentVars) {
            environmentVariables.put(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_JOB_EXECUTION_ID,
                    jobExecutionId);
            environmentVariables.put(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_EXECUTION_ID,
                    String.valueOf(firstWorkerStepExecution.getId()));
            environmentVariables.put(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_NAME, this.stepName);
            environmentVariables.put(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_NAME, taskName);
            environmentVariables.put(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_PARENT_EXECUTION_ID,
                    parentExecutionId);
        }

        AppDefinition definition =
                new AppDefinition(resolveApplicationName(),
                        environmentVariables);

        AppDeploymentRequest request =
                new AppDeploymentRequest(definition,
                        this.resource,
                        this.deploymentProperties,
                        arguments);

        taskLauncher.launch(request);
    }

    private String resolveApplicationName() {
        if(StringUtils.hasText(this.applicationName)) {
            return this.applicationName;
        }
        else {
            return this.taskExecution.getTaskName();
        }
    }

    private String formatArgument(String key, String value) {
        return String.format("--%s=%s", key, value);
    }

    private Collection<StepExecution> pollReplies(final StepExecution masterStepExecution,
                                                  final Set<StepExecution> executed,
                                                  final int size) throws Exception {

        final Collection<StepExecution> result = new ArrayList<>(executed.size());

        Callable<Collection<StepExecution>> callback = new Callable<Collection<StepExecution>>() {
            @Override
            public Collection<StepExecution> call() {
                Set<StepExecution> newExecuted = new HashSet<>();

                for (StepExecution curStepExecution : executed) {
                    if (!result.contains(curStepExecution)) {
                        StepExecution partitionStepExecution =
                                jobExplorer.getStepExecution(masterStepExecution.getJobExecutionId(), curStepExecution.getId());

                        if (isComplete(partitionStepExecution.getStatus())) {
                            result.add(partitionStepExecution);
                            currentWorkers--;
                        }
                    }
                }

                executed.addAll(newExecuted);

                if (result.size() == size) {
                    return result;
                }
                else {
                    return null;
                }
            }
        };

        Poller<Collection<StepExecution>> poller = new DirectPoller<>(this.pollInterval);
        Future<Collection<StepExecution>> resultsFuture = poller.poll(callback);

        if (timeout >= 0) {
            return resultsFuture.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        }
        else {
            return resultsFuture.get();
        }
    }

    private boolean isComplete(BatchStatus status) {
        return status.equals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED) || status.isGreaterThan(BatchStatus.STARTED);
    }

    @Override
    public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {
        this.environment = environment;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        Assert.notNull(taskExecution, "A taskExecution is required");

        if(this.environmentVariablesProvider == null) {
            this.environmentVariablesProvider =
                    new CloudEnvironmentVariablesProvider(this.environment);
        }

        if(this.commandLineArgsProvider == null) {
            SimpleCommandLineArgsProvider simpleCommandLineArgsProvider = new SimpleCommandLineArgsProvider();
            simpleCommandLineArgsProvider.onTaskStartup(taskExecution);
            this.commandLineArgsProvider = simpleCommandLineArgsProvider;
        }
    }

}

借助静态函数partitionOffset将分区分配给工作程序，以确保每个工作程序接收的分区数量最多相差一个：

static int partitionOffset(int length, int numberOfPartitions, int partitionIndex) {
    return partitionIndex * (length / numberOfPartitions) + Math.min(partitionIndex, length % numberOfPartitions);
}

在接收端，我创建了DeployerMultiStepExecutionHandler，它从TaskExecutorPartitionHandler继承分区的并行执行，此外还实现了与DeployerMultiPartitionHandler匹配的命令行界面：

@Slf4j
public class DeployerMultiStepExecutionHandler extends TaskExecutorPartitionHandler implements CommandLineRunner {

    private JobExplorer jobExplorer;

    private JobRepository jobRepository;

    private Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(org.springframework.cloud.task.batch.partition.DeployerStepExecutionHandler.class);

    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;

    private StepLocator stepLocator;

    public DeployerMultiStepExecutionHandler(BeanFactory beanFactory, JobExplorer jobExplorer, JobRepository jobRepository) {
        Assert.notNull(beanFactory, "A beanFactory is required");
        Assert.notNull(jobExplorer, "A jobExplorer is required");
        Assert.notNull(jobRepository, "A jobRepository is required");

        this.stepLocator = new BeanFactoryStepLocator();
        ((BeanFactoryStepLocator) this.stepLocator).setBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        this.jobExplorer = jobExplorer;
        this.jobRepository = jobRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {

        validateRequest();

        Long jobExecutionId = Long.parseLong(environment.getProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_JOB_EXECUTION_ID));
        Stream<Long> stepExecutionIds = Stream.of(environment.getProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_EXECUTION_IDS).split(",")).map(Long::parseLong);
        Set<StepExecution> stepExecutions = stepExecutionIds.map(stepExecutionId -> jobExplorer.getStepExecution(jobExecutionId, stepExecutionId)).collect(Collectors.toSet());

        log.info("found stepExecutions:\n{}", stepExecutions.stream().map(stepExecution -> stepExecution.getId() + ":" + stepExecution.getExecutionContext()).collect(joining("\n")));

        if (stepExecutions.isEmpty()) {
            throw new NoSuchStepException(String.format("No StepExecution could be located for step execution id %s within job execution %s", stepExecutionIds, jobExecutionId));
        }

        String stepName = environment.getProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_NAME);
        setStep(stepLocator.getStep(stepName));

        doHandle(null, stepExecutions);
    }

    private void validateRequest() {
        Assert.isTrue(environment.containsProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_JOB_EXECUTION_ID), "A job execution id is required");
        Assert.isTrue(environment.containsProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_EXECUTION_IDS), "A step execution id is required");
        Assert.isTrue(environment.containsProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_NAME), "A step name is required");

        Assert.isTrue(this.stepLocator.getStepNames().contains(environment.getProperty(SPRING_CLOUD_TASK_STEP_NAME)), "The step requested cannot be found in the provided BeanFactory");
    }
}