我怎样才能得到serial number一个的hard disk使用驱动器Python上Linux？
serial number
hard disk
Python
Linux
我想使用Python模块来执行此操作，而不是运行诸如的外部程序hdparm。也许使用fcntl模块？
hdparm
fcntl
如您所建议，fcntl是在Linux上执行此操作的方法。您要转换的C代码如下所示：
static struct hd_driveid hd; int fd; if ((fd = open("/dev/hda", O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) { printf("ERROR opening /dev/hda\n"); exit(1); } if (!ioctl(fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &hd)) { printf("%.20s\n", hd.serial_no); } else if (errno == -ENOMSG) { printf("No serial number available\n"); } else { perror("ERROR: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY"); exit(1); }
在Ubuntu 9.10上将其翻译成Python，它有点像这样：
import sys, os, fcntl, struct if os.geteuid() > 0: print("ERROR: Must be root to use") sys.exit(1) with open(sys.argv[1], "rb") as fd: # tediously derived from the monster struct defined in <hdreg.h> # see comment at end of file to verify hd_driveid_format_str = "@ 10H 20s 3H 8s 40s 2B H 2B H 4B 6H 2B I 36H I Q 152H" # Also from <hdreg.h> HDIO_GET_IDENTITY = 0x030d # How big a buffer do we need? sizeof_hd_driveid = struct.calcsize(hd_driveid_format_str) # ensure our format string is the correct size # 512 is extracted using sizeof(struct hd_id) in the c code assert sizeof_hd_driveid == 512 # Call native function buf = fcntl.ioctl(fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, " " * sizeof_hd_driveid) fields = struct.unpack(hd_driveid_format_str, buf) serial_no = fields[10].strip() model = fields[15].strip() print("Hard Disk Model: %s" % model) print(" Serial Number: %s" % serial_no) ## For documentation purposes, this is the struct copied from <hdreg.h> # struct hd_driveid { # unsigned short config; /* lots of obsolete bit flags */ # unsigned short cyls; /* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */ # unsigned short reserved2; /* reserved (word 2) */ # unsigned short heads; /* Obsolete, "physical" heads */ # unsigned short track_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per track */ # unsigned short sector_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per sector */ # unsigned short sectors; /* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */ # unsigned short vendor0; /* vendor unique */ # unsigned short vendor1; /* vendor unique */ # unsigned short vendor2; /* Retired vendor unique */ # unsigned char serial_no[20]; /* 0 = not_specified */ # unsigned short buf_type; /* Retired */ # unsigned short buf_size; /* Retired, 512 byte increments # * 0 = not_specified # */ # unsigned short ecc_bytes; /* for r/w long cmds; 0 = not_specified */ # unsigned char fw_rev[8]; /* 0 = not_specified */ # unsigned char model[40]; /* 0 = not_specified */ # unsigned char max_multsect; /* 0=not_implemented */ # unsigned char vendor3; /* vendor unique */ # unsigned short dword_io; /* 0=not_implemented; 1=implemented */ # unsigned char vendor4; /* vendor unique */ # unsigned char capability; /* (upper byte of word 49) # * 3: IORDYsup # * 2: IORDYsw # * 1: LBA # * 0: DMA # */ # unsigned short reserved50; /* reserved (word 50) */ # unsigned char vendor5; /* Obsolete, vendor unique */ # unsigned char tPIO; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */ # unsigned char vendor6; /* Obsolete, vendor unique */ # unsigned char tDMA; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */ # unsigned short field_valid; /* (word 53) # * 2: ultra_ok word 88 # * 1: eide_ok words 64-70 # * 0: cur_ok words 54-58 # */ # unsigned short cur_cyls; /* Obsolete, logical cylinders */ # unsigned short cur_heads; /* Obsolete, l heads */ # unsigned short cur_sectors; /* Obsolete, l sectors per track */ # unsigned short cur_capacity0; /* Obsolete, l total sectors on drive */ # unsigned short cur_capacity1; /* Obsolete, (2 words, misaligned int) */ # unsigned char multsect; /* current multiple sector count */ # unsigned char multsect_valid; /* when (bit0==1) multsect is ok */ # unsigned int lba_capacity; /* Obsolete, total number of sectors */ # unsigned short dma_1word; /* Obsolete, single-word dma info */ # unsigned short dma_mword; /* multiple-word dma info */ # unsigned short eide_pio_modes; /* bits 0:mode3 1:mode4 */ # unsigned short eide_dma_min; /* min mword dma cycle time (ns) */ # unsigned short eide_dma_time; /* recommended mword dma cycle time (ns) */ # unsigned short eide_pio; /* min cycle time (ns), no IORDY */ # unsigned short eide_pio_iordy; /* min cycle time (ns), with IORDY */ # unsigned short words69_70[2]; /* reserved words 69-70 # * future command overlap and queuing # */ # unsigned short words71_74[4]; /* reserved words 71-74 # * for IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command # */ # unsigned short queue_depth; /* (word 75) # * 15:5 reserved # * 4:0 Maximum queue depth -1 # */ # unsigned short words76_79[4]; /* reserved words 76-79 */ # unsigned short major_rev_num; /* (word 80) */ # unsigned short minor_rev_num; /* (word 81) */ # unsigned short command_set_1; /* (word 82) supported # * 15: Obsolete # * 14: NOP command # * 13: READ_BUFFER # * 12: WRITE_BUFFER # * 11: Obsolete # * 10: Host Protected Area # * 9: DEVICE Reset # * 8: SERVICE Interrupt # * 7: Release Interrupt # * 6: look-ahead # * 5: write cache # * 4: PACKET Command # * 3: Power Management Feature Set # * 2: Removable Feature Set # * 1: Security Feature Set # * 0: SMART Feature Set # */ # unsigned short command_set_2; /* (word 83) # * 15: Shall be ZERO # * 14: Shall be ONE # * 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT # * 12: FLUSH CACHE # * 11: Device Configuration Overlay # * 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set # * 9: Automatic Acoustic Management # * 8: SET MAX security # * 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES # * 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up # * 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set # * 4: Removable Media Notification # * 3: APM Feature Set # * 2: CFA Feature Set # * 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED # * 0: Download MicroCode # */ # unsigned short cfsse; /* (word 84) # * cmd set-feature supported extensions # * 15: Shall be ZERO # * 14: Shall be ONE # * 13:6 reserved # * 5: General Purpose Logging # * 4: Streaming Feature Set # * 3: Media Card Pass Through # * 2: Media Serial Number Valid # * 1: SMART selt-test supported # * 0: SMART error logging # */ # unsigned short cfs_enable_1; /* (word 85) # * command set-feature enabled # * 15: Obsolete # * 14: NOP command # * 13: READ_BUFFER # * 12: WRITE_BUFFER # * 11: Obsolete # * 10: Host Protected Area # * 9: DEVICE Reset # * 8: SERVICE Interrupt # * 7: Release Interrupt # * 6: look-ahead # * 5: write cache # * 4: PACKET Command # * 3: Power Management Feature Set # * 2: Removable Feature Set # * 1: Security Feature Set # * 0: SMART Feature Set # */ # unsigned short cfs_enable_2; /* (word 86) # * command set-feature enabled # * 15: Shall be ZERO # * 14: Shall be ONE # * 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT # * 12: FLUSH CACHE # * 11: Device Configuration Overlay # * 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set # * 9: Automatic Acoustic Management # * 8: SET MAX security # * 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES # * 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up # * 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set # * 4: Removable Media Notification # * 3: APM Feature Set # * 2: CFA Feature Set # * 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED # * 0: Download MicroCode # */ # unsigned short csf_default; /* (word 87) # * command set-feature default # * 15: Shall be ZERO # * 14: Shall be ONE # * 13:6 reserved # * 5: General Purpose Logging enabled # * 4: Valid CONFIGURE STREAM executed # * 3: Media Card Pass Through enabled # * 2: Media Serial Number Valid # * 1: SMART selt-test supported # * 0: SMART error logging # */ # unsigned short dma_ultra; /* (word 88) */ # unsigned short trseuc; /* time required for security erase */ # unsigned short trsEuc; /* time required for enhanced erase */ # unsigned short CurAPMvalues; /* current APM values */ # unsigned short mprc; /* master password revision code */ # unsigned short hw_config; /* hardware config (word 93) # * 15: Shall be ZERO # * 14: Shall be ONE # * 13: # * 12: # * 11: # * 10: # * 9: # * 8: # * 7: # * 6: # * 5: # * 4: # * 3: # * 2: # * 1: # * 0: Shall be ONE # */ # unsigned short acoustic; /* (word 94) # * 15:8 Vendor's recommended value # * 7:0 current value # */ # unsigned short msrqs; /* min stream request size */ # unsigned short sxfert; /* stream transfer time */ # unsigned short sal; /* stream access latency */ # unsigned int spg; /* stream performance granularity */ # unsigned long long lba_capacity_2;/* 48-bit total number of sectors */ # unsigned short words104_125[22];/* reserved words 104-125 */ # unsigned short last_lun; /* (word 126) */ # unsigned short word127; /* (word 127) Feature Set # * Removable Media Notification # * 15:2 reserved # * 1:0 00 = not supported # * 01 = supported # * 10 = reserved # * 11 = reserved # */ # unsigned short dlf; /* (word 128) # * device lock function # * 15:9 reserved # * 8 security level 1:max 0:high # * 7:6 reserved # * 5 enhanced erase # * 4 expire # * 3 frozen # * 2 locked # * 1 en/disabled # * 0 capability # */ # unsigned short csfo; /* (word 129) # * current set features options # * 15:4 reserved # * 3: auto reassign # * 2: reverting # * 1: read-look-ahead # * 0: write cache # */ # unsigned short words130_155[26];/* reserved vendor words 130-155 */ # unsigned short word156; /* reserved vendor word 156 */ # unsigned short words157_159[3];/* reserved vendor words 157-159 */ # unsigned short cfa_power; /* (word 160) CFA Power Mode # * 15 word 160 supported # * 14 reserved # * 13 # * 12 # * 11:0 # */ # unsigned short words161_175[15];/* Reserved for CFA */ # unsigned short words176_205[30];/* Current Media Serial Number */ # unsigned short words206_254[49];/* reserved words 206-254 */ # unsigned short integrity_word; /* (word 255) # * 15:8 Checksum # * 7:0 Signature # */ # };
抱歉，我将原始的C结构作为注释包含在内非常有用。另外，我对fcntl和struct模块都还很陌生，所以我可能正在做一些单调的事情。无论如何，从命令行运行（具有root特权），它看起来像这样（为了保护隐私，我编辑了确切的序列号）：
struct
fmark@fmark-laptop:~/Desktop/hdserial$ sudo python hd.py "/dev/sda" Hard Disk Model: FUJITSU MHV2080BH PL Serial Number: NW--------
为了能够了解这里发生的情况，您需要查看#include <linux/hdreg.h>原始C程序中的。这包括导入HDIO_GET_IDENTITY常量和 struct hd_driveid。我已经将该结构作为注释复制到了上面的python源代码中，因此在此不再赘述。要找HDIO_GET_IDENTITY出问题所在，请grep它的源代码（在Ubuntu上，位于/usr/include/linux/hdreg.h。您应该找到类似以下内容：
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
HDIO_GET_IDENTITY
struct hd_driveid
/usr/include/linux/hdreg.h
#define HDIO_GET_IDENTITY 0x030d /* get IDE identification info */
因此，您发现这HDIO_GET_IDENTITY只是一个常量，它告诉fcntl您对获取高清信息感兴趣。您将注意到，0x030d在Python代码中，已将相同的值（以十六进制表示为整数）分配给变量。
0x030d
我意识到现在您对Linux感兴趣，但是为了后代我将在这里保留。以下将获取Windows上的HDD序列号（您将需要安装wmi软件包）：
import wmi c = wmi.WMI() for item in c.Win32_PhysicalMedia(): print item
