我试图弄清楚为什么修改后的C程序比未修改的计数器部分运行得更快（我添加了很少的代码行来执行一些其他工作）。在这种情况下，我怀疑“ 缓存效果
”是主要的解释（指令缓存）。因此，我到达了perf（https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page）分析工具，但是不幸的是，我无法理解其有关缓存未命中的输出的含义。

提供了有关缓存的几个事件：

  cache-references                                   [Hardware event]
  cache-misses                                       [Hardware event]
  L1-dcache-loads                                    [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-load-misses                              [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-stores                                   [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-store-misses                             [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-prefetches                               [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-prefetch-misses                          [Hardware cache event]
  L1-icache-loads                                    [Hardware cache event]
  L1-icache-load-misses                              [Hardware cache event]
  L1-icache-prefetches                               [Hardware cache event]
  L1-icache-prefetch-misses                          [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-loads                                          [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-load-misses                                    [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-stores                                         [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-store-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-prefetches                                     [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-prefetch-misses                                [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-loads                                         [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-load-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-stores                                        [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-store-misses                                  [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-prefetches                                    [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-prefetch-misses                               [Hardware cache event]
  iTLB-loads                                         [Hardware cache event]
  iTLB-load-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  branch-loads                                       [Hardware cache event]
  branch-load-misses                                 [Hardware cache event]
  node-loads                                         [Hardware cache event]
  node-load-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  node-stores                                        [Hardware cache event]
  node-store-misses                                  [Hardware cache event]
  node-prefetches                                    [Hardware cache event]
  node-prefetch-misses                               [Hardware cache event]

在哪里可以找到有关这些领域的解释？高速缓存未命中事件始终小于其他事件。此事件衡量什么？

在下面的示例中，如何解释ls的26,760 L1-icache-load-miss与5708的cache-miss？

perf stat -e L1-icache-load-misses ls
caches  caches~  out

 Performance counter stats for 'ls':

            26,760 L1-icache-load-misses

       0.002816690 seconds time elapsed



perf stat -e cache-misses ls
caches  caches~  out

 Performance counter stats for 'ls':

             5,708 cache-misses

       0.002822122 seconds time elapsed