了解readelf它的输出将帮助您了解ELF文件的格式。请参考本文件。

就了解如何解释readelf此链接的输出而言可能会有帮助。

关于您的问题2，此链接描述了细分。在该文档中搜索“各种节包含程序和控制信息：”以找到描述段名的区域。

该文档描述了以下部分：

各个部分包含程序和控制信息：

   .bss      This section holds uninitialized data that contributes to the
             program's memory image.  By definition, the system initializes the
             data with zeros when the program begins to run.  This section is of
             type SHT_NOBITS.  The attribute types are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_WRITE.

   .comment  This section holds version control information.  This section is of
             type SHT_PROGBITS.  No attribute types are used.

   .ctors    This section holds initialized pointers to the C++ constructor
             functions.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attribute
             types are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_WRITE.

   .data     This section holds initialized data that contribute to the program's
             memory image.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attribute
             types are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_WRITE.

   .data1    This section holds initialized data that contribute to the program's
             memory image.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attribute
             types are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_WRITE.

   .debug    This section holds information for symbolic debugging.  The contents
             are unspecified.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  No
             attribute types are used.

   .dtors    This section holds initialized pointers to the C++ destructor
             functions.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attribute
             types are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_WRITE.

   .dynamic  This section holds dynamic linking information.  The section's
             attributes will include the SHF_ALLOC bit.  Whether the SHF_WRITE
             bit is set is processor-specific.  This section is of type
             SHT_DYNAMIC.  See the attributes above.

   .dynstr   This section holds strings needed for dynamic linking, most commonly
             the strings that represent the names associated with symbol table
             entries.  This section is of type SHT_STRTAB.  The attribute type
             used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .dynsym   This section holds the dynamic linking symbol table.  This section
             is of type SHT_DYNSYM.  The attribute used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .fini     This section holds executable instructions that contribute to the
             process termination code.  When a program exits normally the system
             arranges to execute the code in this section.  This section is of
             type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attributes used are SHF_ALLOC and
             SHF_EXECINSTR.

   .gnu.version
             This section holds the version symbol table, an array of ElfN_Half
             elements.  This section is of type SHT_GNU_versym.  The attribute
             type used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .gnu.version_d
             This section holds the version symbol definitions, a table of
             ElfN_Verdef structures.  This section is of type SHT_GNU_verdef.
             The attribute type used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .gnu.version_r
             This section holds the version symbol needed elements, a table of
             ElfN_Verneed structures.  This section is of type SHT_GNU_versym.
             The attribute type used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .got      This section holds the global offset table.  This section is of type
             SHT_PROGBITS.  The attributes are processor specific.

   .hash     This section holds a symbol hash table.  This section is of type
             SHT_HASH.  The attribute used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .init     This section holds executable instructions that contribute to the
             process initialization code.  When a program starts to run the
             system arranges to execute the code in this section before calling
             the main program entry point.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.
             The attributes used are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_EXECINSTR.

   .interp   This section holds the pathname of a program interpreter.  If the
             file has a loadable segment that includes the section, the section's
             attributes will include the SHF_ALLOC bit.  Otherwise, that bit will
             be off.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.

   .line     This section holds line number information for symbolic debugging,
             which describes the correspondence between the program source and
             the machine code.  The contents are unspecified.  This section is of
             type SHT_PROGBITS.  No attribute types are used.

   .note     This section holds information in the "Note Section" format.  This
             section is of type SHT_NOTE.  No attribute types are used.  OpenBSD
             native executables usually contain a .note.openbsd.ident section to
             identify themselves, for the kernel to bypass any compatibility ELF
             binary emulation tests when loading the file.

   .note.GNU-stack
             This section is used in Linux object files for declaring stack
             attributes.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  The only
             attribute used is SHF_EXECINSTR.  This indicates to the GNU linker
             that the object file requires an executable stack.

   .plt      This section holds the procedure linkage table.  This section is of
             type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attributes are processor specific.

   .relNAME  This section holds relocation information as described below.  If
             the file has a loadable segment that includes relocation, the
             section's attributes will include the SHF_ALLOC bit.  Otherwise the
             bit will be off.  By convention, "NAME" is supplied by the section
             to which the relocations apply.  Thus a relocation section for .text
             normally would have the name .rel.text.  This section is of type
             SHT_REL.

   .relaNAME This section holds relocation information as described below.  If
             the file has a loadable segment that includes relocation, the
             section's attributes will include the SHF_ALLOC bit.  Otherwise the
             bit will be off.  By convention, "NAME" is supplied by the section
             to which the relocations apply.  Thus a relocation section for .text
             normally would have the name .rela.text.  This section is of type
             SHT_RELA.

   .rodata   This section holds read-only data that typically contributes to a
             nonwritable segment in the process image.  This section is of type
             SHT_PROGBITS.  The attribute used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .rodata1  This section holds read-only data that typically contributes to a
             nonwritable segment in the process image.  This section is of type
             SHT_PROGBITS.  The attribute used is SHF_ALLOC.

   .shstrtab This section holds section names.  This section is of type
             SHT_STRTAB.  No attribute types are used.

   .strtab   This section holds strings, most commonly the strings that represent
             the names associated with symbol table entries.  If the file has a
             loadable segment that includes the symbol string table, the
             section's attributes will include the SHF_ALLOC bit.  Otherwise the
             bit will be off.  This section is of type SHT_STRTAB.

   .symtab   This section holds a symbol table.  If the file has a loadable
             segment that includes the symbol table, the section's attributes
             will include the SHF_ALLOC bit.  Otherwise the bit will be off.
             This section is of type SHT_SYMTAB.

   .text     This section holds the "text", or executable instructions, of a
             program.  This section is of type SHT_PROGBITS.  The attributes used
             are SHF_ALLOC and SHF_EXECINSTR.