一尘不染

如何在Django查询集中使用条件注释计数

django

使用Django ORM,可以做类似的事情queryset.objects.annotate(Count('queryset_objects', gte=VALUE))。赶上我的漂移?

这是一个用于说明可能答案的快速示例:

在Django网站中,内容创建者提交文章,普通用户查看(即阅读)所述文章。文章可以发布(即供所有人阅读),也可以草稿模式发布。描述这些要求的模型是:

class Article(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(User)
    published = models.BooleanField(default=False)

class Readership(models.Model):
    reader = models.ForeignKey(User)
    which_article = models.ForeignKey(Article)
    what_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

我的问题是:如何才能获得所有发表的文章,并按过去30分钟内的唯一读者排序?也就是说,我想计算每个已发布文章在过去半小时内获得多少个独特(唯一)视图,然后生成按这些独特视图排序的文章列表。

我试过了:

date = datetime.now()-timedelta(minutes=30)
articles = Article.objects.filter(published=True).extra(select = {
  "views" : """
  SELECT COUNT(*)
  FROM myapp_readership
    JOIN myapp_article on myapp_readership.which_article_id = myapp_article.id
  WHERE myapp_readership.reader_id = myapp_user.id
  AND myapp_readership.what_time > %s """ % date,
}).order_by("-views")

这会产生错误:语法错误在“ 01”或附近(其中“ 01”是多余的日期时间对象)。这没什么可继续的


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2020-03-29

共1个答案

一尘不染

对于Django> = 1.8
使用条件聚合:

from django.db.models import Count, Case, When, IntegerField
Article.objects.annotate(
    numviews=Count(Case(
        When(readership__what_time__lt=treshold, then=1),
        output_field=IntegerField(),
    ))
)

说明: 通过你的文章进行的常规查询将使用numviews字段注释。该字段将被构造为CASE / WHEN表达式(由Count包裹),对于符合NULL读者身份的条件和不符合条件的读者,将返回1 。计数将忽略空值,仅计数值。

对于近期未查看过的文章,你将得到零,并且可以使用该numviews字段进行排序和过滤。

PostgreSQL的查询如下:

SELECT
    "app_article"."id",
    "app_article"."author",
    "app_article"."published",
    COUNT(
        CASE WHEN "app_readership"."what_time" < 2015-11-18 11:04:00.000000+01:00 THEN 1
        ELSE NULL END
    ) as "numviews"
FROM "app_article" LEFT OUTER JOIN "app_readership"
    ON ("app_article"."id" = "app_readership"."which_article_id")
GROUP BY "app_article"."id", "app_article"."author", "app_article"."published"

如果我们只想跟踪唯一查询,则可以在中添加区分Count,并使When子句返回值,我们想区分。

from django.db.models import Count, Case, When, CharField, F
Article.objects.annotate(
    numviews=Count(Case(
        When(readership__what_time__lt=treshold, then=F('readership__reader')), # it can be also `readership__reader_id`, it doesn't matter
        output_field=CharField(),
    ), distinct=True)
)

这将产生:

SELECT
    "app_article"."id",
    "app_article"."author",
    "app_article"."published",
    COUNT(
        DISTINCT CASE WHEN "app_readership"."what_time" < 2015-11-18 11:04:00.000000+01:00 THEN "app_readership"."reader_id"
        ELSE NULL END
    ) as "numviews"
FROM "app_article" LEFT OUTER JOIN "app_readership"
    ON ("app_article"."id" = "app_readership"."which_article_id")
GROUP BY "app_article"."id", "app_article"."author", "app_article"."published"
对于django <1.8和PostgreSQL

你可以仅raw用于执行由django的较新版本创建的SQL语句。显然,没有一种简单而优化的方法可以在不使用数据的情况下查询该数据raw(即使extra注入必填JOIN子句存在一些问题)。

Articles.objects.raw('SELECT'
    '    "app_article"."id",'
    '    "app_article"."author",'
    '    "app_article"."published",'
    '    COUNT('
    '        DISTINCT CASE WHEN "app_readership"."what_time" < 2015-11-18 11:04:00.000000+01:00 THEN "app_readership"."reader_id"'
    '        ELSE NULL END'
    '    ) as "numviews"'
    'FROM "app_article" LEFT OUTER JOIN "app_readership"'
    '    ON ("app_article"."id" = "app_readership"."which_article_id")'
    'GROUP BY "app_article"."id", "app_article"."author", "app_article"."published"')
2020-03-29