这是一个正常工作的web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app 
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    version="3.0">

    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

     <filter>
        <filter-name>rememberMeCookieFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>be.example.fun.jsp.filters.RememberMeCookieFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>mustBeSignedInFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>be.example.fun.jsp.filters.MustBeSignedInFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>rememberMeCookieFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>mustBeSignedInFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/private/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

当我删除<filter>元素并使用以下注释时：

@WebFilter(filterName="rememberMeCookieFilter")
public class RememberMeCookieFilter implements Filter

@WebFilter(filterName="mustBeSignedInFilter")
public class MustBeSignedInFilter implements Filter

然后，Tomcat 7.0.14给我以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Filter mapping must specify either a <url-pattern> or a <servlet-name>
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.validateFilterMap(StandardContext.java:2956)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addFilterMap(StandardContext.java:2915)
    at org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml.configureContext(WebXml.java:1180)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1270)
        ...

我遵循了[这个问题](http://codingdict.com/questions/115618的答案，但这对我不起作用。

这是我的Web应用程序的依赖项：

<dependencies>
        <!-- SLF4J (+ LOGBack) for logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
            <artifactId>groovy</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- The servlet API that I installed in my local repo -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>provided</scope>
            <!--optional>false</optional-->
        </dependency>

        <!-- JUnit for testing -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.8.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

编辑：我只有在使用Tomcat（7.0.14）时才有问题。玻璃鱼很好。