我正在Tomcat 8.0.22上部署Shibboleth IdP 3.1.1，但收到此错误：
SEVERE [http-nio-8080-exec-13] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [net.shibboleth.ext.spring.context.DeferPlaceholderFileSystemXmlWebApplicationContext]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.LinkageError: loader constraint violation: when resolving method "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.getLoggerFactory()Lorg/slf4j/ILoggerFactory;" the class loader (instance of org/apache/catalina/loader/WebappClassLoader) of the current class, org/slf4j/LoggerFactory, and the class loader (instance of java/net/URLClassLoader) for resolved class, org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder, have different Class objects for the type LoggerFactory; used in the signature at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:163) at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:104) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:360) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:293) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4729) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5167) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.start(ManagerServlet.java:1293) at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.start(HTMLManagerServlet.java:673) at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.doPost(HTMLManagerServlet.java:221) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:648) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:291) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter.doFilter(CsrfPreventionFilter.java:213) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:108) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:219) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:614) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:142) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:617) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:518) at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1091) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:668) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1521) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1478) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) Caused by: java.lang.LinkageError: loader constraint violation: when resolving method "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.getLoggerFactory()Lorg/slf4j/ILoggerFactory;" the class loader (instance of org/apache/catalina/loader/WebappClassLoader) of the current class, org/slf4j/LoggerFactory, and the class loader (instance of java/net/URLClassLoader) for resolved class, org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder, have different Class objects for the type LoggerFactory; used in the signature at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory(LoggerFactory.java:336) at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:284) at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:305) at net.shibboleth.ext.spring.context.FileSystemXmlWebApplicationContext.<init>(FileSystemXmlWebApplicationContext.java:35) at net.shibboleth.ext.spring.context.DeferPlaceholderFileSystemXmlWebApplicationContext.<init>(DeferPlaceholderFileSystemXmlWebApplicationContext.java:33) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526) at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:147) ... 39 more
有关Java版本的信息：
java version "1.7.0_80" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_80-b15) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.80-b11, mixed mode)
我把$CATALINA_HOME/libjar：slf4j-api-1.7.12.jar，slf4j-log4j12-1.7.12.jar和nlog4j-1.2.14.jar
$CATALINA_HOME/lib
slf4j-api-1.7.12.jar
slf4j-log4j12-1.7.12.jar
nlog4j-1.2.14.jar
但这不能解决问题。我尝试将其org.slf4j作为maven的依赖项，但也不起作用。
org.slf4j
有没有办法解决此异常？感谢您的任何建议。
问题解决了。我使用mvndependency：tree来查看依赖关系：
ricardo@ricardo-SW6H:~/Documents/teste_rabbit/java-identity-provider/branches/3.1/idp-war$ mvn dependency:tree [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'dependency'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Shibboleth IdP :: War [INFO] task-segment: [dependency:tree] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [dependency:tree {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] net.shibboleth.idp:idp-war:war:3.1.1 [INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.10:compile [INFO] +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.1.2:runtime [INFO] | \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.1.2:runtime [INFO] +- org.testng:testng:jar:6.8.8:compile [INFO] | \- com.beust:jcommander:jar:1.47:compile (version managed from 1.27) [INFO] +- org.beanshell:bsh:jar:2.0b4:compile [INFO] +- org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.10:compile [INFO] +- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.10:compile [INFO] +- xmlunit:xmlunit:jar:1.5:compile [INFO] +- org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.10:compile [INFO] +- edu.vt.middleware:idp-memcached-storage:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT:compile [INFO] | +- net.spy:spymemcached:jar:2.11.4:compile [INFO] | \- org.cryptacular:cryptacular:jar:1.0:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.10:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-filter-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-filter-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-filter-spring:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile (version managed from 4.0.6.RELEASE) [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-resolver-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-resolver-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | +- org.apache.velocity:velocity:jar:1.7:compile [INFO] | | +- commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:compile [INFO] | | \- commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.4:compile [INFO] | +- joda-time:joda-time:jar:2.7:compile [INFO] | +- org.ldaptive:ldaptive:jar:1.0.6:compile [INFO] | \- javax.json:javax.json-api:jar:1.0:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-attribute-resolver-spring:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- com.mchange:c3p0:jar:0.9.2.1:compile [INFO] | \- com.mchange:mchange-commons-java:jar:0.2.3.4:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-authn-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- org.glassfish:javax.json:jar:1.0.4:runtime [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-authn-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework.webflow:spring-webflow:jar:2.4.1.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- opensymphony:ognl:jar:2.6.11:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.webflow:spring-binding:jar:2.4.1.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.webflow:spring-js:jar:2.4.1.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework.webflow:spring-js-resources:jar:2.4.1.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-consent:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-cas-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-cas-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:jar:4.3.6:compile [INFO] | \- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:jar:4.3.3:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-core:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-profile-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-profile-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-profile-spring:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-saml-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-saml-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-schema:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-session-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-session-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.idp:idp-ui:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.ext:spring-extensions:jar:5.1.1:compile [INFO] | \- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-cache:jar:4.3.6:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-core:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-messaging-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-messaging-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-profile-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-profile-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-saml-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-saml-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-security-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | +- org.apache.santuario:xmlsec:jar:2.0.3:compile [INFO] | | \- org.codehaus.woodstox:woodstox-core-asl:jar:4.4.1:compile [INFO] | | +- javax.xml.stream:stax-api:jar:1.0-2:compile [INFO] | | \- org.codehaus.woodstox:stax2-api:jar:3.1.4:compile [INFO] | \- org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15on:jar:1.51:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-security-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-soap-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-soap-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-storage-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-storage-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-entitymanager:jar:4.3.5.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.1.3.GA:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging-annotations:jar:1.2.0.Beta1:compile [INFO] | | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:4.3.5.Final:compile [INFO] | | | +- antlr:antlr:jar:2.7.7:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.jboss:jandex:jar:1.1.0.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1:compile [INFO] | | | \- xml-apis:xml-apis:jar:1.0.b2:compile [INFO] | | +- org.hibernate.common:hibernate-commons-annotations:jar:4.0.4.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction:jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec:jar:1.0.0.Final:compile [INFO] | | \- org.javassist:javassist:jar:3.18.1-GA:compile [INFO] | +- org.hibernate.javax.persistence:hibernate-jpa-2.1-api:jar:1.0.0.Final:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-orm:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-xmlsec-api:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.opensaml:opensaml-xmlsec-impl:jar:3.1.1:compile [INFO] +- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:jar:3.0.0:compile [INFO] +- com.google.guava:guava:jar:18.0:compile [INFO] +- org.codehaus.janino:janino:jar:2.7.8:compile [INFO] | \- org.codehaus.janino:commons-compiler:jar:2.7.8:compile [INFO] +- net.shibboleth.utilities:java-support:jar:7.1.1:compile [INFO] +- javax.mail:mail:jar:1.4.7:compile [INFO] | \- javax.activation:activation:jar:1.1:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:jar:3.0.1:provided [INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:test [INFO] \- net.shibboleth.utilities:java-support:test-jar:tests:7.1.1:test [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 4 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Sun Jul 05 21:56:37 CEST 2015 [INFO] Final Memory: 39M/345M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
使用此结果，我将此依赖项放入pom.xml中：
<!-- language:lang-xml --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>6.8.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.beanshell</groupId> <artifactId>bsh</artifactId> <version>2.0b4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>1.7.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId> <version>1.7.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>xmlunit</groupId> <artifactId>xmlunit</artifactId> <version>1.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>1.7.10</version> </dependency>
现在问题解决了。非常感谢你的帮助。
