编辑 ：已 解决
。我发现了令我困惑的事情。我使用pgadmin创建表和其他数据库内部组件，现在检查：如果名称（表名称，列名称，pk名称等）中至少有一个字母是大写字母，则pgadmin在SQL创建脚本中使用它照原样，使用双引号，因此PostgreSQL会按原样解释名称。如果运行以下脚本：

CREATE TABLE SAMPLE
(
  ID integer NOT NULL,
  TITLE character varying(100) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT SAMPLE_ID_PK PRIMARY KEY (ID)
)
WITH (
  OIDS=FALSE
);
ALTER TABLE SAMPLE
  OWNER TO postgres;_

它以小写形式创建所有内容，原始的Sample.java版本运行良好。

怎么了 这个问题是一般来说针对PostgreSQL 9.1或PostgreSQL的，还是缺少一些hibernate配置？

persistence.xml：

<persistence-unit name="com.sample.persistence.jpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <class>com.sample.persistence.Sample</class>
    <properties>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect"/>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:postgresql:sample"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="postgres"/>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="postgres"/>
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>

Sample.java ：

@Entity
@Table(name = "SAMPLE")
public class Sample {

    @Id
    @Column(name = "ID")
    private long id;

    @Column(name = "TITLE")
    private String title;

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
}

PersistenceMain.java：

public class PersistenceMain {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("com.sample.persistence.jpa");
        EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();

        Sample sample = em.find(Sample.class, 1l);

        System.out.println("Sample Title: " + sample.getTitle());

        em.close();

        emf.close();
    }
}

例外：

...
Hibernate: 
    select
        sample0_.ID as ID0_0_,
        sample0_.TITLE as TITLE0_0_ 
    from
        SAMPLE sample0_ 
    where
        sample0_.ID=?
Exception in thread "main" javax.persistence.PersistenceException:     org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not load an entity:   [com.sample.persistence.Sample#1]
 ...
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: relation "sample" does not exist
 ...

显然，上面的此SQL语句：

select
    sample0_.ID as ID0_0_,
    sample0_.TITLE as TITLE0_0_ 
from
    SAMPLE sample0_ 
where
    sample0_.ID=?

无法从PostgreSQL本身（从pgadmin）成功执行。

但是，如果我将Sample.java更改为：

@Entity
@Table(name = "\"SAMPLE\"")
public class Sample {

    @Id
    @Column(name = "\"ID\"")
    private long id;

    @Column(name = "\"TITLE\"")
    private String title;

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
}

这很奇怪，它有效。

Hibernate: 
    select
        sample0_."ID" as ID1_0_0_,
        sample0_."TITLE" as TITLE2_0_0_ 
    from
        "SAMPLE" sample0_ 
    where
        sample0_."ID"=?
Sample Title: Sample

hibernate.dialect是否在这里没有用，或者在PostgreSQL
9.1中不能正常工作？另外，如果列名与字段相同，我也不想键入列名，但是大写也可以吗？

谢谢。