我们遇到了几个问题，关键似乎是Chrome的无沙箱选项。以下是在桌面和在前台或通过服务运行的jenkins从站上工作的解决方案。

第一部分：Chrome和驱动程序的Maven解压缩

• 下载PortableApps GoogleChrome
• 安装
• 将目录重命名为通用名称（GoogleChrome）
• 邮编目录
• 添加到存储库管理器
• 设置Maven依赖插件执行以解压

    <plugin>
  

  org.apache.maven.plugins
  maven-dependency-plugin
  2.8
  
  
  extract portable google chrome
  process-test-resources
  
  unpack
  
  
  ${skipWinChromeUnpack}
  ${project.build.directory}/dependency-maven-plugin-markers/googlechrome
  false
  
  
  com.google.chromium
  chromedriver
  ${win.chromedriver.version}
  win32
  zip
  ${project.build.directory}
  
  
  com.portableapps
  googlechrome
  ${win.chrome.version}
  win64
  zip
  ${project.build.directory}
  
  
  
  

结果 在测试执行时，我们有target / chromedriver.exe和target / GooglePortable / Google
… exe文件要使用

第二部分：Maven Surefire配置

我们为驱动程序和chrome exe的位置设置系统属性，以传递给所有单元测试

        <systemPropertyVariables>
          <webdriver.chrome.driver>${project.build.directory}/chromedriver.exe</webdriver.chrome.driver>
          <win.google.chrome.bin>${win.chrome.exe}</win.google.chrome.bin>  
        </systemPropertyVariables>

第三部分：测试代码

我们使用chrome驱动程序服务构建器将详细程度设置为11，然后使用我们最喜欢的功能启动驱动程序

public class ChromeLocator {
    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ChromeLocator.class);

/**
 * Obtain Chrome Configuration with location of binary
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 */
public DesiredCapabilities getCapabilities() throws IOException {
    ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
    chromeOptions.setBinary(getChromeExecutableLocation().getAbsolutePath());
    chromeOptions.addArguments("no-sandbox");
    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
    capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);


    return capabilities;
}

// Windows defaults to unpacked location
private File getChromeExecutableLocation() throws IOException {

    File chromeExe;

    if (SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS) {
        chromeExe = new File(System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));
    } else {
        // Use the standard locator option for all other operating systems
        GoogleChromeLocator locator = new GoogleChromeLocator();
        BrowserInstallation installation = locator.findBrowserLocationOrFail();
        chromeExe = new File(installation.launcherFilePath());
    }
    System.out.println("Chrome Exe: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath() + " Is File: " + chromeExe.isFile());
    if (! chromeExe.exists() || ! chromeExe.isFile()) {
        throw new IOException("Cannot locate Chrome Executable.  Expected Location: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath());
    }
    return chromeExe;
}

}

public class WebTest

{
static ChromeDriverService service = null;
static WebDriver driver = null;

@BeforeClass
static public void setupOnce() throws IOException {

    // Setup ChromeDriver with Verbosity on - perhaps control via system property - off by default?
    service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
            .withVerbose(true)
            .usingAnyFreePort()
            .build();

    service.start();

    // Setup locator to find unpacked Portable chrome exe
    ChromeLocator locator = new ChromeLocator();

    // Use service + capabilities from locator to open driver with settings and chrome bin
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(service.getUrl(), locator.getCapabilities());
}

@AfterClass
static public void teardownOnce() {
    if (null != service) {
        service.stop();
        service = null;
    }
}
@Test
public void testGoogleSearch() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
    driver.get("http://www.google.com/xhtml");
    assertEquals("Google", driver.getTitle());

    WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
    String searchString = "ChromeDriver";
    searchBox.sendKeys(searchString);
    searchBox.submit();

    String source = driver.getPageSource().toString();
    assertTrue("Expected DOCTYPE in\n" + source,
            source.contains("DOCTYPE"));
    driver.quit();
    service.stop();

}

}