你需要一个包装对象来保存提交的数据，如下所示：

public class ClientForm {
    private ArrayList<String> clientList;

    public ArrayList<String> getClientList() {
        return clientList;
    }

    public void setClientList(ArrayList<String> clientList) {
        this.clientList = clientList;
    }
}

并将其用作@ModelAttribute你的processQuery方法：

@RequestMapping(value="/submitQuery", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processQuery(@ModelAttribute ClientForm form, Model model){
    System.out.println(form.getClientList());
}

此外，该input元素需要a name和a value。如果你直接构建html，请考虑到名称必须为clientList[i]，i该项目在列表中的位置在哪里：

<tr th:each="currentClient, stat : ${clientList}">         
    <td><input type="checkbox" 
            th:name="|clientList[${stat.index}]|"
            th:value="${currentClient.getClientID()}"
            th:checked="${currentClient.selected}" />
     </td>
     <td th:text="${currentClient.getClientID()}" ></td>
     <td th:text="${currentClient.getIpAddress()}"></td>
     <td th:text="${currentClient.getDescription()}" ></td>
  </tr>

注意，clientList可以包含null在中间位置。例如，如果发布的数据为：

clientList[1] = 'B'
clientList[3] = 'D'

结果ArrayList将是：[null, B, null, D]

更新1：

在上面的示例中，ClientForm是的包装List<String>。但在你的情况下ClientWithSelectionListWrapper包含ArrayList<ClientWithSelection>。因此，clientList[1]应该clientList[1].clientID与要发送回的其他属性依此类推：

<tr th:each="currentClient, stat : ${wrapper.clientList}">
    <td><input type="checkbox" th:name="|clientList[${stat.index}].clientID|"
            th:value="${currentClient.getClientID()}" th:checked="${currentClient.selected}" /></td>
    <td th:text="${currentClient.getClientID()}"></td>
    <td th:text="${currentClient.getIpAddress()}"></td>
    <td th:text="${currentClient.getDescription()}"></td>
</tr>

我已经构建了一个小演示，因此你可以对其进行测试：

应用程序

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {      
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }       
}

ClientWithSelection.java

public class ClientWithSelection {
   private Boolean selected;
   private String clientID;
   private String ipAddress;
   private String description;

   public ClientWithSelection() {
   }

   public ClientWithSelection(Boolean selected, String clientID, String ipAddress, String description) {
      super();
      this.selected = selected;
      this.clientID = clientID;
      this.ipAddress = ipAddress;
      this.description = description;
   }

   /* Getters and setters ... */
}
ClientWithSelectionListWrapper.java

public class ClientWithSelectionListWrapper {

   private ArrayList<ClientWithSelection> clientList;

   public ArrayList<ClientWithSelection> getClientList() {
      return clientList;
   }
   public void setClientList(ArrayList<ClientWithSelection> clients) {
      this.clientList = clients;
   }
}

TestController.java

@Controller
class TestController {

   private ArrayList<ClientWithSelection> allClientsWithSelection = new ArrayList<ClientWithSelection>();

   public TestController() {
      /* Dummy data */
      allClientsWithSelection.add(new ClientWithSelection(false, "1", "192.168.0.10", "Client A"));
      allClientsWithSelection.add(new ClientWithSelection(false, "2", "192.168.0.11", "Client B"));
      allClientsWithSelection.add(new ClientWithSelection(false, "3", "192.168.0.12", "Client C"));
      allClientsWithSelection.add(new ClientWithSelection(false, "4", "192.168.0.13", "Client D"));
   }

   @RequestMapping("/")
   String index(Model model) {

      ClientWithSelectionListWrapper wrapper = new ClientWithSelectionListWrapper();
      wrapper.setClientList(allClientsWithSelection);
      model.addAttribute("wrapper", wrapper);

      return "test";
   }

   @RequestMapping(value = "/query/submitQuery", method = RequestMethod.POST)
   public String processQuery(@ModelAttribute ClientWithSelectionListWrapper wrapper, Model model) {

      System.out.println(wrapper.getClientList() != null ? wrapper.getClientList().size() : "null list");
      System.out.println("--");

      model.addAttribute("wrapper", wrapper);

      return "test";
   }
}

test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
   <form action="#" th:action="@{/query/submitQuery}" th:object="${wrapper}" method="post">

      <table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-striped">
         <thead>
            <tr>
               <th>Select</th>
               <th>Client ID</th>
               <th>IP Addresss</th>
               <th>Description</th>
            </tr>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
            <tr th:each="currentClient, stat : ${wrapper.clientList}">
               <td><input type="checkbox" th:name="|clientList[${stat.index}].clientID|"
                  th:value="${currentClient.getClientID()}" th:checked="${currentClient.selected}" /></td>
               <td th:text="${currentClient.getClientID()}"></td>
               <td th:text="${currentClient.getIpAddress()}"></td>
               <td th:text="${currentClient.getDescription()}"></td>
            </tr>
         </tbody>
      </table>
      <button type="submit" value="submit" class="btn btn-success">Submit</button>
   </form>

</body>
</html>

更新1.B：

以下是使用th:field并发送所有其他属性作为隐藏值的相同示例。

 <tbody>
    <tr th:each="currentClient, stat : *{clientList}">
       <td>
          <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{clientList[__${stat.index}__].selected}" />
          <input type="hidden" th:field="*{clientList[__${stat.index}__].clientID}" />
          <input type="hidden" th:field="*{clientList[__${stat.index}__].ipAddress}" />
          <input type="hidden" th:field="*{clientList[__${stat.index}__].description}" />
       </td>
       <td th:text="${currentClient.getClientID()}"></td>
       <td th:text="${currentClient.getIpAddress()}"></td>
       <td th:text="${currentClient.getDescription()}"></td>               
    </tr>
 </tbody>