我找到解决方案并解决我的问题。

在配置中：

$translatePartialLoaderProvider.addPart('index');
        $translateProvider
            .useSanitizeValueStrategy(null)
            .fallbackLanguage('en-us')
            .registerAvailableLanguageKeys(['en-us','pt-br'], {
                'en_*': 'en-us',
                'pt_*': 'pt-br'
            })
            .useLoader('$translatePartialLoader', {
                urlTemplate: '{part}/locale_{lang}.json'
            })
            .useLoaderCache(true)
            .useCookieStorage()
            .determinePreferredLanguage();

在ui-router索引中：

.state('index', {
    url: '/index',
    templateUrl: 'index.html',                   
    controller:'IndexCtrl',
    resolve: {
        trans:['RequireTranslations',
            function (RequireTranslations) {
                RequireTranslations('index');
            }],
        dep: ['trans','$ocLazyLoad',
            function(trans,$ocLazyLoad){
                return $ocLazyLoad.load(['plugin']).then(
                    function(){
                        return $ocLazyLoad.load(['IndexCtrl.js']);
                    }
                );
            }]
    }
})
.state('index.users',{
    url: "/users",
    templateUrl: "users.html",
    controller:'UserListCtrl',
    resolve: {
        trans:['RequireTranslations',
            function (RequireTranslations) {
                RequireTranslations('modules/user');
            }],
        dep: ['trans','$ocLazyLoad',
            function(trans,$ocLazyLoad){
                return $ocLazyLoad.load(['UserListCtrl.js'])
            }]

    }
})

并在run：

app.run(function($rootScope,$translate) {

    // translate refresh is necessary to load translate table
    $rootScope.$on('$translatePartialLoaderStructureChanged', function () {
        $translate.refresh();
    });

    $rootScope.$on('$translateChangeEnd', function() {
        // get current language
        $rootScope.currentLanguage = $translate.use();
    });
})

在RequireTranslations工厂：

app.factory('RequireTranslations', function($translatePartialLoader, $translate,$rootScope) {
    return function() {
        angular.forEach(arguments, function(translationKey) {
            $translatePartialLoader.addPart(translationKey);
        });
        return $translate.refresh().then(
            function(){
                return $translate.use($rootScope.currentLanguage);
            }
        );
    };
});

并且请注意，您应该像这样在所有参数中添加$translatePartialLoader和trans作为参数controllers：

app.controller('UserListCtrl',function($scope,...,$translatePartialLoader,trans){