您可以通过使用$http的timeout属性来做到这一点，并使用request和responseError回调$http分别保存和执行每个请求。

脚步：

1. 延迟地$http在request回调过程中注入服务，这将是获得$http服务的唯一方法，因为在工厂函数中注入服务会导致循环依赖。

2. 确定在request回调中传递的配置是否已处理。如果尚未处理，则将配置添加到请求堆栈中，并按优先级对其进行排序。在配置对象的timeout属性中添加一个已解决的Promise，以取消当前$http请求。最后返回配置对象。

3. 一旦$http请求已经被取消了，抓住它的responseError回调。如果请求堆栈中有项目，请弹出第一个项目（配置），然后使用延迟加载的$http服务调用它。最后，使用回调提供的拒绝参数返回拒绝的承诺。

演示

angular.module('demo', [])

  .config(function($httpProvider) {
    $httpProvider.interceptors.push('httpPriorityInterceptor');
  })

  .factory('httpPriorityInterceptor', function($q, $injector) {


    var requestStack = [], // request stack
        $http = null; // http service to be lazy loaded

    return {
      request: request, // request callback
      responseError: responseError // responseError callback
    };

    // comparison function to sort request stack priority
    function sort(config1, config2) {
      return config1.priority < config2.priority;
    }

    function request(config) {

      // Lazy load $http service
      if(!$http) {
        $http = $injector.get('$http');
      }

      // check if configuration has not been requested
      if(!config.hasBeenRequested) {

        // set indicator that configuration has been requested
        config.hasBeenRequested = true;

        // set default priority if not present
        config.priority = config.priority || 3;

        // add a copy of the configuration
        // to prevent it from copying the timeout property
        requestStack.push(angular.copy(config));

        // sort each configuration by priority
        requestStack = requestStack.sort(sort);

        // cancel request by adding a resolved promise
        config.timeout = $q.when();
      }

      // return config
      return config;
    }


    function responseError(rejection) {

      // check if there are requests to be processed
      if(requestStack.length > 0) {

        // pop the top most priority
        var config = requestStack.pop();
        console.log(config);

        // process the configuration
        $http(config);
      }

      // return rejected request
      return $q.reject(rejection);
    }

  })

  .run(function($http) {

    // create http request
    var createRequest = function(priority) {
      $http.get('/priority/' + priority, {priority: priority});
    };

    createRequest(3);
    createRequest(1);
    createRequest(4);
    createRequest(2);

  });

要确保已按正确的顺序调用每个请求，可以检查“控制台”选项卡中的日志或“网络”选项卡中的请求。

更新：

如果要按顺序调用请求（第一个请求必须在下一个请求调用之前完成），则可以将responseError回调中的解决方案调整为以下内容：

演示

function responseError(rejection) {

  // check if there are requests to be processed
  if(requestStack.length > 0) {

    requestStack.reduceRight(function(promise, config) {
      return promise.finally(function() {
        return $http(config);
      });
    }, $q.when());

    requestStack.length = 0;

  }

  // return rejected request
  return $q.reject(rejection);
}

更新06/16/2019

如评论中所述，优先请求返回的承诺不会返回预期的承诺解决方案或拒绝。我已经通过以下方式更新了拦截器以适应这种情况：

1. 保存相对于每个http配置的延迟承诺。
2. responseError为了保持解决或拒绝请求的目的，在拦截器中返回延迟的诺言。
3. 最后，在优先级请求的迭代中使用延迟的promise。

演示

angular.module('demo', [])

  .config(function($httpProvider) {
    $httpProvider.interceptors.push('httpPriorityInterceptor');
  })

  .factory('httpPriorityInterceptor', function($q, $injector) {


    var requestStack = [], // request stack
        $http = null; // http service to be lazy loaded

    return {
      request: request, // request callback
      responseError: responseError // responseError callback
    };

    // comparison function to sort request stack priority
    function sort(config1, config2) {
      return config1.priority < config2.priority;
    }

    function request(config) {

      // Lazy load $http service
      if(!$http) {
        $http = $injector.get('$http');
      }

      // check if configuration has not been requested
      if(!config.hasBeenRequested) {

        // set indicator that configuration has been requested
        config.hasBeenRequested = true;

        // set default priority if not present
        config.priority = config.priority || 3;

        // add a defered promise relative to the config requested
        config.$$defer = $q.defer();

        // add a copy of the configuration
        // to prevent it from copying the timeout property
        requestStack.push(angular.copy(config));

        // sort each configuration by priority
        requestStack = requestStack.sort(sort);

        // cancel request by adding a resolved promise
        config.timeout = $q.when();
      }

      // return config
      return config;
    }


    function responseError(rejection) {

      // check if there are requests to be processed
      if(requestStack.length > 0) {

        requestStack.reduceRight(function(promise, config) {
          var defer = config.$$defer;
          delete config.$$defer;
          return promise.finally(function() {
            return $http(config)
              .then(function(response) {
                defer.resolve(response);
              })
              .catch(function(error) {
                defer.reject(error);
              });

          });
        }, $q.when());

        requestStack.length = 0;

      }

      return rejection.config.$$defer.promise;
    }

  })

  .run(function($http) {

    // create http request
    var createRequest = function(priority) {
      return $http.get(priority + '.json', {priority: priority});
    };

    createRequest(3);
    createRequest(1).then(function(data) { console.log(data); })
    createRequest(4);
    createRequest(2);

  });