一尘不染

带参数的Swift GET请求

swift

我是新手,所以我的代码可能会出现很多错误,但是我要实现的目标是将GET请求发送到带有
参数的localhost服务器。鉴于我的函数有两个参数,我试图做到更多baseURL:string,params:NSDictionary。我不确定如何将两者结合到实际的URLRequest中?到目前为止,这是我尝试过的

    func sendRequest(url:String,params:NSDictionary){
       let urls: NSURL! = NSURL(string:url)
       var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL:urls)
       request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
       var data:NSData! =  NSKeyedArchiver.archivedDataWithRootObject(params)
       request.HTTPBody = data
       println(request)
       var session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
       var task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler:loadedData)
       task.resume()

    }

}

func loadedData(data:NSData!,response:NSURLResponse!,err:NSError!){
    if(err != nil){
        println(err?.description)
    }else{
        var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
        println(jsonResult)

    }

}

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2020-07-07

共1个答案

一尘不染

建立GET请求时,请求的主体没有,但是所有内容都放在URL上。要构建网址(并正确地将其转义),
您还可以使用URLComponents.

var url = URLComponents(string: "https://www.google.com/search/")!

url.queryItems = [
    URLQueryItem(name: "q", value: "War & Peace")
]

唯一的窍门是,大多数Web服务都需要+转义字符百分比
(因为它们会将其解释为application/x-www-form-urlencoded规范规定的空格字符)。但是URLComponents不会百分百逃脱它。Apple认为这+是查询中的有效字符,因此不应
转义。从技术上讲,它们是正确的,它可以在URI查询中使用,但它在application/x-www-form-urlencoded请求中具有特殊含义,实际上不应未经转义地传递。

苹果公司承认我们必须对+字符进行转义,但
建议我们手动进行:

var url = URLComponents(string: "https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/")!

url.queryItems = [
    URLQueryItem(name: "i", value: "1+2")
]

url.percentEncodedQuery = url.percentEncodedQuery?.replacingOccurrences(of: "+", with: "%2B")

这是一个不太好的解决方法,但是它可以工作,这是Apple建议您的查询是否可以包含+字符并且您拥有将其解释为空格的服务器的建议。

因此,将其与sendRequest例行程序结合在一起,最终会得到
如下结果:

func sendRequest(_ url: String, parameters: [String: String], completion: @escaping ([String: Any]?, Error?) -> Void) {
    var components = URLComponents(string: url)!
    components.queryItems = parameters.map { (key, value) in 
        URLQueryItem(name: key, value: value) 
    }
    components.percentEncodedQuery = components.percentEncodedQuery?.replacingOccurrences(of: "+", with: "%2B")
    let request = URLRequest(url: components.url!)

    let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
        guard let data = data,                            // is there data
            let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse,  // is there HTTP response
            (200 ..< 300) ~= response.statusCode,         // is statusCode 2XX
            error == nil else {                           // was there no error, otherwise ...
                completion(nil, error)
                return
        }

        let responseObject = (try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data)) as? [String: Any]
        completion(responseObject, nil)
    }
    task.resume()
}

And you’d call it like:

sendRequest("someurl", parameters: ["foo": "bar"]) { responseObject, error in
    guard let responseObject = responseObject, error == nil else {
        print(error ?? "Unknown error")
        return
    }

    // use `responseObject` here
}

就我个人而言,JSONDecoder如今我会使用它并返回一个自定义struct而不是字典,但这在这里并不重要。希望这说明了如何将参数百分比编码到GET请求的URL中的基本思想。

2020-07-07