一尘不染

如何为HTTPS Node.js服务器使用自签名证书?

node.js

我已经开始为API编写包装,该包装要求所有请求都通过HTTPS进行。我不想在开发和测试它时向实际的API发出请求,而是希望在本地运行自己的服务器来模拟响应。

我对如何生成创建HTTPS服务器并向其发送请求所需的证书感到困惑。

我的服务器看起来像这样:

var options = {
  key: fs.readFileSync('./key.pem'),
  cert: fs.readFileSync('./cert.pem')
};

https.createServer(options, function(req, res) {
  res.writeHead(200);
  res.end('OK\n');
}).listen(8000);

Pem文件是使用以下命令生成的:

openssl genrsa 1024 > key.pem
openssl req -x509 -new -key key.pem > cert.pem

一个请求看起来像这样:

var options = {
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 8000,
  path: '/api/v1/test'
};

https.request(options, function(res) {
  res.pipe(process.stdout);
}).end();

通过此设置,我得到了Error: DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT,所以我认为我需要ca为该请求添加一个选项。

所以我的问题是我应该如何生成以下内容:

  1. 服务器key
  2. 服务器cert
  3. ca为请求?

我已经阅读了一些有关使用openssl生成自签名证书的内容,但是似乎无法将其束缚住,也无法弄清楚在节点代码中的哪个位置使用哪些密钥和证书。

更新资料

API提供了要使用的CA证书,而不是默认证书。以下代码使用其证书进行工作,这就是我想在本地复制的内容。

var ca = fs.readFileSync('./certificate.pem');

var options = {
  host: 'example.com',
  path: '/api/v1/test',
  ca: ca
};
options.agent = new https.Agent(options);

https.request(options, function(res) {
  res.pipe(process.stdout);
}).end();

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2020-07-07

共1个答案

一尘不染

更新(2018年11月):您是否 需要 自签名证书?

还是真正的证书能使工作做得更好?您考虑过其中任何一个吗?

(注意:“让我们加密”还可以将证书颁发给专用网络)

ScreenCast

https://coolaj86.com/articles/how-to-create-a-csr-for-https-tls-ssl-rsa-
pems/

完整的工作示例

  • 创建证书
  • 运行node.js服务器
  • node.js客户端中没有警告或错误
  • cURL中没有警告或错误

https://github.com/coolaj86/nodejs-self-signed-certificate-
example

使用localhost.greenlock.domains作为一个例子(它指向127.0.0.1):

server.js

'use strict';

var https = require('https')
  , port = process.argv[2] || 8043
  , fs = require('fs')
  , path = require('path')
  , server
  , options
  ;

require('ssl-root-cas')
  .inject()
  .addFile(path.join(__dirname, 'server', 'my-private-root-ca.cert.pem'))
  ;

options = {
  // this is ONLY the PRIVATE KEY
  key: fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'server', 'privkey.pem'))
  // You DO NOT specify `ca`, that's only for peer authentication
//, ca: [ fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'server', 'my-private-root-ca.cert.pem'))]
  // This should contain both cert.pem AND chain.pem (in that order) 
, cert: fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'server', 'fullchain.pem'))
};


function app(req, res) {
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
  res.end('Hello, encrypted world!');
}

server = https.createServer(options, app).listen(port, function () {
  port = server.address().port;
  console.log('Listening on https://127.0.0.1:' + port);
  console.log('Listening on https://' + server.address().address + ':' + port);
  console.log('Listening on https://localhost.greenlock.domains:' + port);
});

client.js

'use strict';

var https = require('https')
  , fs = require('fs')
  , path = require('path')
  , ca = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'client', 'my-private-root-ca.cert.pem'))
  , port = process.argv[2] || 8043
  , hostname = process.argv[3] || 'localhost.greenlock.domains'
  ;

var options = {
  host: hostname
, port: port
, path: '/'
, ca: ca
};
options.agent = new https.Agent(options);

https.request(options, function(res) {
  res.pipe(process.stdout);
}).end();

以及制作证书文件的脚本:

make-certs.sh

#!/bin/bash
FQDN=$1

# make directories to work from
mkdir -p server/ client/ all/

# Create your very own Root Certificate Authority
openssl genrsa \
  -out all/my-private-root-ca.privkey.pem \
  2048

# Self-sign your Root Certificate Authority
# Since this is private, the details can be as bogus as you like
openssl req \
  -x509 \
  -new \
  -nodes \
  -key all/my-private-root-ca.privkey.pem \
  -days 1024 \
  -out all/my-private-root-ca.cert.pem \
  -subj "/C=US/ST=Utah/L=Provo/O=ACME Signing Authority Inc/CN=example.com"

# Create a Device Certificate for each domain,
# such as example.com, *.example.com, awesome.example.com
# NOTE: You MUST match CN to the domain name or ip address you want to use
openssl genrsa \
  -out all/privkey.pem \
  2048

# Create a request from your Device, which your Root CA will sign
openssl req -new \
  -key all/privkey.pem \
  -out all/csr.pem \
  -subj "/C=US/ST=Utah/L=Provo/O=ACME Tech Inc/CN=${FQDN}"

# Sign the request from Device with your Root CA
openssl x509 \
  -req -in all/csr.pem \
  -CA all/my-private-root-ca.cert.pem \
  -CAkey all/my-private-root-ca.privkey.pem \
  -CAcreateserial \
  -out all/cert.pem \
  -days 500

# Put things in their proper place
rsync -a all/{privkey,cert}.pem server/
cat all/cert.pem > server/fullchain.pem         # we have no intermediates in this case
rsync -a all/my-private-root-ca.cert.pem server/
rsync -a all/my-private-root-ca.cert.pem client/

# create DER format crt for iOS Mobile Safari, etc
openssl x509 -outform der -in all/my-private-root-ca.cert.pem -out client/my-private-root-ca.crt

例如:

bash make-certs.sh 'localhost.greenlock.domains'

希望这能把棺材钉在棺材上。

还有更多说明:https : //github.com/coolaj86/node-ssl-root-
cas/wiki/Painless-Self-Signed-Certificates-in-
node.js

在iOS Mobile Safari上安装私人证书

您需要创建扩展名为.crt的DER格式的根ca证书副本:

# create DER format crt for iOS Mobile Safari, etc
openssl x509 -outform der -in all/my-private-root-ca.cert.pem -out client/my-private-root-ca.crt

然后,您可以简单地通过Web服务器提供该文件。单击链接时,将询问您是否要安装证书。

有关如何工作的示例,可以尝试安装MIT的证书颁发机构:https :
//ca.mit.edu/mitca.crt

相关例子

2020-07-07