FFT解决方案可能比您期望的要复杂。对于一般问题，这可能是唯一可靠的方法。

对于简单的解决方案，您需要开始进行假设。例如，您能否保证图像的列对齐（除非注明的更改）？这使您可以走@nm建议的路径

您是否可以将图像切成垂直条纹，并且如果有足够比例的条纹匹配，可以考虑将行匹配吗？

[如果需要对此进行鲁棒处理，可以重做以使用带有差异列偏移量的几次传递。]

这给出了如下内容：

class Image
{
public:
    virtual ~Image() {}
    typedef int Pixel;
    virtual Pixel* getRow(int rowId) const = 0;
    virtual int getWidth() const = 0;
    virtual int getHeight() const = 0;
};

class Analyser
{
    Analyser(const Image& a, const Image& b)
        : a_(a), b_(b) {}
    typedef Image::Pixel* Section;
    static const int numStrips = 16;
    struct StripId
    {
        StripId(int r = 0, int c = 0)
            : row_(r), strip_(c)
        {}
        int row_;
        int strip_;
    };
    typedef std::unordered_map<unsigned, StripId> StripTable;
    int numberOfOverlappingRows()
    {
        int commonWidth = std::min(a_.getWidth(), b_.getWidth());
        int stripWidth = commonWidth/numStrips;
        StripTable aHash;
        createStripTable(aHash, a_, stripWidth);
        StripTable bHash;
        createStripTable(bHash, b_, stripWidth);
        // This is the position that the bottom row of A appears in B.
        int bottomOfA = 0;
        bool canFindBottomOfAInB = canFindLine(a_.getRow(a_.getHeight() - 1), bHash, stripWidth,  bottomOfA);
        int topOfB= 0;
        bool canFindTopOfBInA =  canFindLine(b_.getRow(0), aHash, stripWidth, topOfB);
        int topOFBfromBottomOfA = a_.getHeight() - topOfB;
        // Expect topOFBfromBottomOfA == bottomOfA
        return bottomOfA;
    }
    bool canFindLine(Image::Pixel* source, StripTable& target, int stripWidth, int& matchingRow)
    {
        Image::Pixel* strip = source;
        std::map<int, int> matchedRows;
        for(int index = 0; index < stripWidth; ++index)
        {
            Image::Pixel hashValue = getHashOfStrip(strip,stripWidth);      
            bool match =  target.count(hashValue) > 0;
            if (match)
            {
                ++matchedRows[target[hashValue].row_];
            }
            strip += stripWidth;
        }
        // Can set a threshold requiring more matches than 0
        if (matchedRows.size() == 0)
            return false;
        // FIXME return the most matched row.
        matchingRow = matchedRows.begin()->first;
        return true; 
    }
    Image::Pixel* getStrip(const Image& im, int row, int stripId, int stripWidth)
    {
        return im.getRow(row) + stripId * stripWidth;
    }
    static Image::Pixel getHashOfStrip(Image::Pixel* strip, unsigned width)
    {
        Image::Pixel hashValue = 0;
        for(unsigned col = 0; col < width; ++col)
        {
            hashValue |= *(strip + col);
        }
    }
    void createStripTable(StripTable& hash, const Image& image, int stripWidth)
    {
        for(int row = 0; row < image.getHeight(); ++row)
        {
            for(int index = 0; index < stripWidth; ++index)
            {
                // Warning: Not this simple!
                // If images are sourced from lossy intermediate and hence pixels not _exactly_ the same, need some kind of fuzzy equality here.
                // Details are going to depend on the image format etc, but this is the gist.
                Image::Pixel* strip = getStrip(image, row, index, stripWidth);
                Image::Pixel hashValue = getHashOfStrip(strip,stripWidth);      
                hash[hashValue] = StripId(row, index);
            }
        }
    }

    const Image& a_;
    const Image& b_;

};