您可以在整个阵列上使用“异或”运算。每对数字将相互抵消，使您获得所寻求的价值。

int get_orphan(int const * a, int len)
{
    int value = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
        value ^= a[i];

    // `value` now contains the number that occurred odd number of times.
    // Retrieve its index in the array.
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
        if (a[i] == value)
            return i;
    }

    return -1;
}