Python __builtin__ 模块，int() 实例源码

def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments=asbytes('#'), autostrip=True):
        self.comments = comments
        # Delimiter is a character
        if isinstance(delimiter, unicode):
            delimiter = delimiter.encode('ascii')
        if (delimiter is None) or _is_bytes_like(delimiter):
            delimiter = delimiter or None
            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
        # Delimiter is a single integer
        elif int(delimiter):
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
        else:
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        if autostrip:
            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
        else:
            self._handyman = _handyman
    #

def _strict_call(self, value):
        try:

            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
            new_value = self.func(value)

            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
            # errors for integers.
            if self.func is int:
                try:
                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
                except OverflowError:
                    raise ValueError

            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
            return new_value

        except ValueError:
            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
                if not self._status:
                    self._checked = False
                return self.default
            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
    #

def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments=asbytes('#'), autostrip=True):
        self.comments = comments
        # Delimiter is a character
        if isinstance(delimiter, unicode):
            delimiter = delimiter.encode('ascii')
        if (delimiter is None) or _is_bytes_like(delimiter):
            delimiter = delimiter or None
            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
        # Delimiter is a single integer
        elif int(delimiter):
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
        else:
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        if autostrip:
            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
        else:
            self._handyman = _handyman
    #

def _strict_call(self, value):
        try:

            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
            new_value = self.func(value)

            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
            # errors for integers.
            if self.func is int:
                try:
                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
                except OverflowError:
                    raise ValueError

            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
            return new_value

        except ValueError:
            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
                if not self._status:
                    self._checked = False
                return self.default
            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
    #

def handle_elif(self, span, cond):
        '''Should be called to signalize an elif directive.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            cond (str): String representation of the branching condition.
        '''
        self._check_for_open_block(span, 'elif')
        block = self._open_blocks[-1]
        directive, _, spans = block[0:3]
        self._check_if_matches_last(directive, 'if', spans[-1], span, 'elif')
        conds, contents = block[3:5]
        conds.append(cond)
        contents.append(self._curnode)
        spans.append(span)
        self._curnode = []

def handle_enddef(self, span, name):
        '''Should be called to signalize an enddef directive.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name of the enddef statement. Could be None, if enddef
                was specified without name.
        '''
        self._check_for_open_block(span, 'enddef')
        block = self._open_blocks.pop(-1)
        directive, fname, spans = block[0:3]
        self._check_if_matches_last(directive, 'def', spans[-1], span, 'enddef')
        defname, argexpr, dummy = block[3:6]
        if name is not None and name != defname:
            msg = "wrong name in enddef directive "\
                  "(expected '{0}', got '{1}')".format(defname, name)
            raise FyppFatalError(msg, fname, span)
        spans.append(span)
        block = (directive, fname, spans, defname, argexpr, self._curnode)
        self._curnode = self._path.pop(-1)
        self._curnode.append(block)

def handle_nextarg(self, span, name):
        '''Should be called to signalize a nextarg directive.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str or None): Name of the argument following next or
                None if it should be the next positional argument.
        '''
        self._check_for_open_block(span, 'nextarg')
        block = self._open_blocks[-1]
        directive, fname, spans = block[0:3]
        self._check_if_matches_last(
            directive, 'call', spans[-1], span, 'nextarg')
        args, argnames = block[5:7]
        args.append(self._curnode)
        spans.append(span)
        if name is not None:
            argnames.append(name)
        elif argnames:
            msg = 'non-keyword argument following keyword argument'
            raise FyppFatalError(msg, fname, span)
        self._curnode = []

def _set_array_types():
    ibytes = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
    fbytes = [2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 32, 64]
    for bytes in ibytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('int', bits)
        _add_array_type('uint', bits)
    for bytes in fbytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('float', bits)
        _add_array_type('complex', 2*bits)
    _gi = dtype('p')
    if _gi.type not in sctypes['int']:
        indx = 0
        sz = _gi.itemsize
        _lst = sctypes['int']
        while (indx < len(_lst) and sz >= _lst[indx](0).itemsize):
            indx += 1
        sctypes['int'].insert(indx, _gi.type)
        sctypes['uint'].insert(indx, dtype('P').type)

def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments=asbytes('#'), autostrip=True):
        self.comments = comments
        # Delimiter is a character
        if isinstance(delimiter, unicode):
            delimiter = delimiter.encode('ascii')
        if (delimiter is None) or _is_bytes_like(delimiter):
            delimiter = delimiter or None
            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
        # Delimiter is a single integer
        elif int(delimiter):
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
        else:
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        if autostrip:
            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
        else:
            self._handyman = _handyman
    #

def _strict_call(self, value):
        try:

            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
            new_value = self.func(value)

            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
            # errors for integers.
            if self.func is int:
                try:
                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
                except OverflowError:
                    raise ValueError

            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
            return new_value

        except ValueError:
            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
                if not self._status:
                    self._checked = False
                return self.default
            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
    #

def _set_array_types():
    ibytes = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
    fbytes = [2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 32, 64]
    for bytes in ibytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('int', bits)
        _add_array_type('uint', bits)
    for bytes in fbytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('float', bits)
        _add_array_type('complex', 2*bits)
    _gi = dtype('p')
    if _gi.type not in sctypes['int']:
        indx = 0
        sz = _gi.itemsize
        _lst = sctypes['int']
        while (indx < len(_lst) and sz >= _lst[indx](0).itemsize):
            indx += 1
        sctypes['int'].insert(indx, _gi.type)
        sctypes['uint'].insert(indx, dtype('P').type)

def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments=asbytes('#'), autostrip=True):
        self.comments = comments
        # Delimiter is a character
        if isinstance(delimiter, unicode):
            delimiter = delimiter.encode('ascii')
        if (delimiter is None) or _is_bytes_like(delimiter):
            delimiter = delimiter or None
            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
        # Delimiter is a single integer
        elif int(delimiter):
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
        else:
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        if autostrip:
            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
        else:
            self._handyman = _handyman
    #

def _strict_call(self, value):
        try:

            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
            new_value = self.func(value)

            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
            # errors for integers.
            if self.func is int:
                try:
                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
                except OverflowError:
                    raise ValueError

            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
            return new_value

        except ValueError:
            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
                if not self._status:
                    self._checked = False
                return self.default
            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
    #

def _set_array_types():
    ibytes = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
    fbytes = [2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 32, 64]
    for bytes in ibytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('int', bits)
        _add_array_type('uint', bits)
    for bytes in fbytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('float', bits)
        _add_array_type('complex', 2*bits)
    _gi = dtype('p')
    if _gi.type not in sctypes['int']:
        indx = 0
        sz = _gi.itemsize
        _lst = sctypes['int']
        while (indx < len(_lst) and sz >= _lst[indx](0).itemsize):
            indx += 1
        sctypes['int'].insert(indx, _gi.type)
        sctypes['uint'].insert(indx, dtype('P').type)

def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments=asbytes('#'), autostrip=True):
        self.comments = comments
        # Delimiter is a character
        if isinstance(delimiter, unicode):
            delimiter = delimiter.encode('ascii')
        if (delimiter is None) or _is_bytes_like(delimiter):
            delimiter = delimiter or None
            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
        # Delimiter is a single integer
        elif int(delimiter):
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
        else:
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        if autostrip:
            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
        else:
            self._handyman = _handyman
    #

def _strict_call(self, value):
        try:

            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
            new_value = self.func(value)

            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
            # errors for integers.
            if self.func is int:
                try:
                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
                except OverflowError:
                    raise ValueError

            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
            return new_value

        except ValueError:
            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
                if not self._status:
                    self._checked = False
                return self.default
            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
    #

def _set_array_types():
    ibytes = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
    fbytes = [2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 32, 64]
    for bytes in ibytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('int', bits)
        _add_array_type('uint', bits)
    for bytes in fbytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('float', bits)
        _add_array_type('complex', 2*bits)
    _gi = dtype('p')
    if _gi.type not in sctypes['int']:
        indx = 0
        sz = _gi.itemsize
        _lst = sctypes['int']
        while (indx < len(_lst) and sz >= _lst[indx](0).itemsize):
            indx += 1
        sctypes['int'].insert(indx, _gi.type)
        sctypes['uint'].insert(indx, dtype('P').type)

def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments=asbytes('#'), autostrip=True):
        self.comments = comments
        # Delimiter is a character
        if isinstance(delimiter, unicode):
            delimiter = delimiter.encode('ascii')
        if (delimiter is None) or _is_bytes_like(delimiter):
            delimiter = delimiter or None
            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
        # Delimiter is a single integer
        elif int(delimiter):
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
        else:
            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        if autostrip:
            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
        else:
            self._handyman = _handyman
    #

def _strict_call(self, value):
        try:

            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
            new_value = self.func(value)

            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
            # errors for integers.
            if self.func is int:
                try:
                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
                except OverflowError:
                    raise ValueError

            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
            return new_value

        except ValueError:
            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
                if not self._status:
                    self._checked = False
                return self.default
            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
    #

def _evalname(name):
    k = 0
    for ch in name:
        if ch in '0123456789':
            break
        k += 1
    try:
        bits = int(name[k:])
    except ValueError:
        bits = 0
    base = name[:k]
    return base, bits

def _add_aliases():
    for a in typeinfo.keys():
        name = english_lower(a)
        if not isinstance(typeinfo[a], tuple):
            continue
        typeobj = typeinfo[a][-1]
        # insert bit-width version for this class (if relevant)
        base, bit, char = bitname(typeobj)
        if base[-3:] == 'int' or char[0] in 'ui':
            continue
        if base != '':
            myname = "%s%d" % (base, bit)
            if ((name != 'longdouble' and name != 'clongdouble') or
                   myname not in allTypes.keys()):
                allTypes[myname] = typeobj
                sctypeDict[myname] = typeobj
                if base == 'complex':
                    na_name = '%s%d' % (english_capitalize(base), bit//2)
                elif base == 'bool':
                    na_name = english_capitalize(base)
                    sctypeDict[na_name] = typeobj
                else:
                    na_name = "%s%d" % (english_capitalize(base), bit)
                    sctypeDict[na_name] = typeobj
                sctypeNA[na_name] = typeobj
                sctypeDict[na_name] = typeobj
                sctypeNA[typeobj] = na_name
                sctypeNA[typeinfo[a][0]] = na_name
        if char != '':
            sctypeDict[char] = typeobj
            sctypeNA[char] = na_name

def _add_integer_aliases():
    _ctypes = ['LONG', 'LONGLONG', 'INT', 'SHORT', 'BYTE']
    for ctype in _ctypes:
        val = typeinfo[ctype]
        bits = val[2]
        charname = 'i%d' % (bits//8,)
        ucharname = 'u%d' % (bits//8,)
        intname = 'int%d' % bits
        UIntname = 'UInt%d' % bits
        Intname = 'Int%d' % bits
        uval = typeinfo['U'+ctype]
        typeobj = val[-1]
        utypeobj = uval[-1]
        if intname not in allTypes.keys():
            uintname = 'uint%d' % bits
            allTypes[intname] = typeobj
            allTypes[uintname] = utypeobj
            sctypeDict[intname] = typeobj
            sctypeDict[uintname] = utypeobj
            sctypeDict[Intname] = typeobj
            sctypeDict[UIntname] = utypeobj
            sctypeDict[charname] = typeobj
            sctypeDict[ucharname] = utypeobj
            sctypeNA[Intname] = typeobj
            sctypeNA[UIntname] = utypeobj
            sctypeNA[charname] = typeobj
            sctypeNA[ucharname] = utypeobj
        sctypeNA[typeobj] = Intname
        sctypeNA[utypeobj] = UIntname
        sctypeNA[val[0]] = Intname
        sctypeNA[uval[0]] = UIntname

def _set_array_types():
    ibytes = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
    fbytes = [2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 32, 64]
    for bytes in ibytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('int', bits)
        _add_array_type('uint', bits)
    for bytes in fbytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('float', bits)
        _add_array_type('complex', 2*bits)
    _gi = dtype('p')
    if _gi.type not in sctypes['int']:
        indx = 0
        sz = _gi.itemsize
        _lst = sctypes['int']
        while (indx < len(_lst) and sz >= _lst[indx](0).itemsize):
            indx += 1
        sctypes['int'].insert(indx, _gi.type)
        sctypes['uint'].insert(indx, dtype('P').type)

def issubclass_(arg1, arg2):
    """
    Determine if a class is a subclass of a second class.

    `issubclass_` is equivalent to the Python built-in ``issubclass``,
    except that it returns False instead of raising a TypeError if one
    of the arguments is not a class.

    Parameters
    ----------
    arg1 : class
        Input class. True is returned if `arg1` is a subclass of `arg2`.
    arg2 : class or tuple of classes.
        Input class. If a tuple of classes, True is returned if `arg1` is a
        subclass of any of the tuple elements.

    Returns
    -------
    out : bool
        Whether `arg1` is a subclass of `arg2` or not.

    See Also
    --------
    issubsctype, issubdtype, issctype

    Examples
    --------
    >>> np.issubclass_(np.int32, np.int)
    True
    >>> np.issubclass_(np.int32, np.float)
    False

    """
    try:
        return issubclass(arg1, arg2)
    except TypeError:
        return False

def issubsctype(arg1, arg2):
    """
    Determine if the first argument is a subclass of the second argument.

    Parameters
    ----------
    arg1, arg2 : dtype or dtype specifier
        Data-types.

    Returns
    -------
    out : bool
        The result.

    See Also
    --------
    issctype, issubdtype,obj2sctype

    Examples
    --------
    >>> np.issubsctype('S8', str)
    True
    >>> np.issubsctype(np.array([1]), np.int)
    True
    >>> np.issubsctype(np.array([1]), np.float)
    False

    """
    return issubclass(obj2sctype(arg1), obj2sctype(arg2))

def flatten_dtype(ndtype, flatten_base=False):
    """
    Unpack a structured data-type by collapsing nested fields and/or fields
    with a shape.

    Note that the field names are lost.

    Parameters
    ----------
    ndtype : dtype
        The datatype to collapse
    flatten_base : {False, True}, optional
        Whether to transform a field with a shape into several fields or not.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> dt = np.dtype([('name', 'S4'), ('x', float), ('y', float),
    ...                ('block', int, (2, 3))])
    >>> np.lib._iotools.flatten_dtype(dt)
    [dtype('|S4'), dtype('float64'), dtype('float64'), dtype('int32')]
    >>> np.lib._iotools.flatten_dtype(dt, flatten_base=True)
    [dtype('|S4'), dtype('float64'), dtype('float64'), dtype('int32'),
     dtype('int32'), dtype('int32'), dtype('int32'), dtype('int32'),
     dtype('int32')]

    """
    names = ndtype.names
    if names is None:
        if flatten_base:
            return [ndtype.base] * int(np.prod(ndtype.shape))
        return [ndtype.base]
    else:
        types = []
        for field in names:
            info = ndtype.fields[field]
            flat_dt = flatten_dtype(info[0], flatten_base)
            types.extend(flat_dt)
        return types

def _evalname(name):
    k = 0
    for ch in name:
        if ch in '0123456789':
            break
        k += 1
    try:
        bits = int(name[k:])
    except ValueError:
        bits = 0
    base = name[:k]
    return base, bits

def _add_aliases():
    for a in typeinfo.keys():
        name = english_lower(a)
        if not isinstance(typeinfo[a], tuple):
            continue
        typeobj = typeinfo[a][-1]
        # insert bit-width version for this class (if relevant)
        base, bit, char = bitname(typeobj)
        if base[-3:] == 'int' or char[0] in 'ui':
            continue
        if base != '':
            myname = "%s%d" % (base, bit)
            if ((name != 'longdouble' and name != 'clongdouble') or
                   myname not in allTypes.keys()):
                allTypes[myname] = typeobj
                sctypeDict[myname] = typeobj
                if base == 'complex':
                    na_name = '%s%d' % (english_capitalize(base), bit//2)
                elif base == 'bool':
                    na_name = english_capitalize(base)
                    sctypeDict[na_name] = typeobj
                else:
                    na_name = "%s%d" % (english_capitalize(base), bit)
                    sctypeDict[na_name] = typeobj
                sctypeNA[na_name] = typeobj
                sctypeDict[na_name] = typeobj
                sctypeNA[typeobj] = na_name
                sctypeNA[typeinfo[a][0]] = na_name
        if char != '':
            sctypeDict[char] = typeobj
            sctypeNA[char] = na_name

def _add_integer_aliases():
    _ctypes = ['LONG', 'LONGLONG', 'INT', 'SHORT', 'BYTE']
    for ctype in _ctypes:
        val = typeinfo[ctype]
        bits = val[2]
        charname = 'i%d' % (bits//8,)
        ucharname = 'u%d' % (bits//8,)
        intname = 'int%d' % bits
        UIntname = 'UInt%d' % bits
        Intname = 'Int%d' % bits
        uval = typeinfo['U'+ctype]
        typeobj = val[-1]
        utypeobj = uval[-1]
        if intname not in allTypes.keys():
            uintname = 'uint%d' % bits
            allTypes[intname] = typeobj
            allTypes[uintname] = utypeobj
            sctypeDict[intname] = typeobj
            sctypeDict[uintname] = utypeobj
            sctypeDict[Intname] = typeobj
            sctypeDict[UIntname] = utypeobj
            sctypeDict[charname] = typeobj
            sctypeDict[ucharname] = utypeobj
            sctypeNA[Intname] = typeobj
            sctypeNA[UIntname] = utypeobj
            sctypeNA[charname] = typeobj
            sctypeNA[ucharname] = utypeobj
        sctypeNA[typeobj] = Intname
        sctypeNA[utypeobj] = UIntname
        sctypeNA[val[0]] = Intname
        sctypeNA[uval[0]] = UIntname

def _set_array_types():
    ibytes = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
    fbytes = [2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 32, 64]
    for bytes in ibytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('int', bits)
        _add_array_type('uint', bits)
    for bytes in fbytes:
        bits = 8*bytes
        _add_array_type('float', bits)
        _add_array_type('complex', 2*bits)
    _gi = dtype('p')
    if _gi.type not in sctypes['int']:
        indx = 0
        sz = _gi.itemsize
        _lst = sctypes['int']
        while (indx < len(_lst) and sz >= _lst[indx](0).itemsize):
            indx += 1
        sctypes['int'].insert(indx, _gi.type)
        sctypes['uint'].insert(indx, dtype('P').type)

def issubclass_(arg1, arg2):
    """
    Determine if a class is a subclass of a second class.

    `issubclass_` is equivalent to the Python built-in ``issubclass``,
    except that it returns False instead of raising a TypeError if one
    of the arguments is not a class.

    Parameters
    ----------
    arg1 : class
        Input class. True is returned if `arg1` is a subclass of `arg2`.
    arg2 : class or tuple of classes.
        Input class. If a tuple of classes, True is returned if `arg1` is a
        subclass of any of the tuple elements.

    Returns
    -------
    out : bool
        Whether `arg1` is a subclass of `arg2` or not.

    See Also
    --------
    issubsctype, issubdtype, issctype

    Examples
    --------
    >>> np.issubclass_(np.int32, np.int)
    True
    >>> np.issubclass_(np.int32, np.float)
    False

    """
    try:
        return issubclass(arg1, arg2)
    except TypeError:
        return False

def issubsctype(arg1, arg2):
    """
    Determine if the first argument is a subclass of the second argument.

    Parameters
    ----------
    arg1, arg2 : dtype or dtype specifier
        Data-types.

    Returns
    -------
    out : bool
        The result.

    See Also
    --------
    issctype, issubdtype,obj2sctype

    Examples
    --------
    >>> np.issubsctype('S8', str)
    True
    >>> np.issubsctype(np.array([1]), np.int)
    True
    >>> np.issubsctype(np.array([1]), np.float)
    False

    """
    return issubclass(obj2sctype(arg1), obj2sctype(arg2))

def flatten_dtype(ndtype, flatten_base=False):
    """
    Unpack a structured data-type by collapsing nested fields and/or fields
    with a shape.

    Note that the field names are lost.

    Parameters
    ----------
    ndtype : dtype
        The datatype to collapse
    flatten_base : {False, True}, optional
        Whether to transform a field with a shape into several fields or not.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> dt = np.dtype([('name', 'S4'), ('x', float), ('y', float),
    ...                ('block', int, (2, 3))])
    >>> np.lib._iotools.flatten_dtype(dt)
    [dtype('|S4'), dtype('float64'), dtype('float64'), dtype('int32')]
    >>> np.lib._iotools.flatten_dtype(dt, flatten_base=True)
    [dtype('|S4'), dtype('float64'), dtype('float64'), dtype('int32'),
     dtype('int32'), dtype('int32'), dtype('int32'), dtype('int32'),
     dtype('int32')]

    """
    names = ndtype.names
    if names is None:
        if flatten_base:
            return [ndtype.base] * int(np.prod(ndtype.shape))
        return [ndtype.base]
    else:
        types = []
        for field in names:
            info = ndtype.fields[field]
            flat_dt = flatten_dtype(info[0], flatten_base)
            types.extend(flat_dt)
        return types

def handle_include(self, span, fname):
        '''Called when parser starts to process a new file.

        It is a dummy methond and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the include directive
                or None if called the first time for the main input.
            fname (str): Name of the file.
        '''
        self._log_event('include', span, filename=fname)

def handle_endinclude(self, span, fname):
        '''Called when parser finished processing a file.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the include directive
                or None if called the first time for the main input.
            fname (str): Name of the file.
        '''
        self._log_event('endinclude', span, filename=fname)

def handle_set(self, span, name, expr):
        '''Called when parser encounters a set directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name of the variable.
            expr (str): String representation of the expression to be assigned
                to the variable.
        '''
        self._log_event('set', span, name=name, expression=expr)

def handle_def(self, span, name, args):
        '''Called when parser encounters a def directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name of the macro to be defined.
            argexpr (str): String with argument definition (or None)
        '''
        self._log_event('def', span, name=name, arguments=args)

def handle_enddef(self, span, name):
        '''Called when parser encounters an enddef directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name found after the enddef directive.
        '''
        self._log_event('enddef', span, name=name)

def handle_if(self, span, cond):
        '''Called when parser encounters an if directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            cond (str): String representation of the branching condition.
        '''
        self._log_event('if', span, condition=cond)

def handle_elif(self, span, cond):
        '''Called when parser encounters an elif directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            cond (str): String representation of the branching condition.
        '''
        self._log_event('elif', span, condition=cond)

def handle_else(self, span):
        '''Called when parser encounters an else directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
        '''
        self._log_event('else', span)

def handle_endif(self, span):
        '''Called when parser encounters an endif directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
        '''
        self._log_event('endif', span)

def handle_for(self, span, varexpr, iterator):
        '''Called when parser encounters a for directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            varexpr (str): String representation of the loop variable
                expression.
            iterator (str): String representation of the iterable.
        '''
        self._log_event('for', span, variable=varexpr, iterable=iterator)

def handle_call(self, span, name, argexpr):
        '''Called when parser encounters a call directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name of the callable to call
            argexpr (str or None): Argument expression containing additional
                arguments for the call.
        '''
        self._log_event('call', span, name=name, argexpr=argexpr)

def handle_nextarg(self, span, name):
        '''Called when parser encounters a nextarg directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str or None): Name of the argument following next or
                None if it should be the next positional argument.
        '''
        self._log_event('nextarg', span, name=name)

def handle_endcall(self, span, name):
        '''Called when parser encounters an endcall directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name found after the endcall directive.
        '''
        self._log_event('endcall', span, name=name)

def handle_eval(self, span, expr):
        '''Called when parser encounters an eval directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            expr (str): String representation of the Python expression to
                be evaluated.
        '''
        self._log_event('eval', span, expression=expr)

def handle_global(self, span, name):
        '''Called when parser encounters a global directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
            name (str): Name of the variable which should be made global.
        '''
        self._log_event('global', span, name=name)

def handle_comment(self, span):
        '''Called when parser finds a preprocessor comment.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
        '''
        self._log_event('comment', span)

def handle_mute(self, span):
        '''Called when parser finds a mute directive.

        It is a dummy method and should be overriden for actual use.

        Args:
            span (tuple of int): Start and end line of the directive.
        '''
        self._log_event('mute', span)