Python os 模块，html() 实例源码
我们从Python开源项目中，提取了以下23个代码示例，用于说明如何使用os.html()。
def run(command):
# TODO: replace this with fork()
# (https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.fork)
pid = 0
if pid == 0:
# This is the child, we'll try to do some containment here
try:
contain(command)
except Exception:
traceback.print_exc()
os._exit(1) # something went wrong in contain()
# This is the parent, pid contains the PID of the forked process
# wait for the forked child and fetch the exit status
_, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
print('{} exited with status {}'.format(pid, status))
def _find_files(root_dir, should_include):
"""
Return a list of paths to all modules below the given directory.
Arguments:
should_include: a function that accepts a file path and returns True or False.
"""
paths = [] # Return value.
is_module = lambda path: path.endswith(".py")
# os.walk() is new in Python 2.3
# http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.walk
for dir_path, dir_names, file_names in os.walk(root_dir):
new_paths = [os.path.join(dir_path, file_name) for file_name in file_names]
new_paths = filter(is_module, new_paths)
new_paths = filter(should_include, new_paths)
paths.extend(new_paths)
return paths
def gen_mac(prefix='AC:DE:48'):
'''
Generates a MAC address with the defined OUI prefix.
Common prefixes:
- ``00:16:3E`` -- Xen
- ``00:18:51`` -- OpenVZ
- ``00:50:56`` -- VMware (manually generated)
- ``52:54:00`` -- QEMU/KVM
- ``AC:DE:48`` -- PRIVATE
References:
- http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/oui/oui.txt
- https://www.wireshark.org/tools/oui-lookup.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address
'''
return '{0}:{1:02X}:{2:02X}:{3:02X}'.format(prefix,
random.randint(0, 0xff),
random.randint(0, 0xff),
random.randint(0, 0xff))
def date_format(date=None, format="%Y-%m-%d"):
'''
Converts date into a time-based string
date
any datetime, time string representation...
format
:ref:`strftime<http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.strftime>` format
>>> import datetime
>>> src = datetime.datetime(2002, 12, 25, 12, 00, 00, 00)
>>> date_format(src)
'2002-12-25'
>>> src = '2002/12/25'
>>> date_format(src)
'2002-12-25'
>>> src = 1040814000
>>> date_format(src)
'2002-12-25'
>>> src = '1040814000'
>>> date_format(src)
'2002-12-25'
'''
return date_cast(date).strftime(format)
def unversioned_sys_platform():
"""
Return the unversioned platform name.
Some Python platform names contain versions, that depend on
the build environment, e.g. linux2, freebsd6, etc.
This returns the name without the version number. Exceptions are
os2 and win32, which are returned verbatim.
:rtype: string
:return: Unversioned platform name
"""
s = sys.platform
if s.startswith('java'):
# The real OS is hidden under the JVM.
from java.lang import System
s = System.getProperty('os.name')
# see http://lopica.sourceforge.net/os.html for a list of possible values
if s == 'Mac OS X':
return 'darwin'
elif s.startswith('Windows '):
return 'win32'
elif s == 'OS/2':
return 'os2'
elif s == 'HP-UX':
return 'hp-ux'
elif s in ('SunOS', 'Solaris'):
return 'sunos'
else: s = s.lower()
# powerpc == darwin for our purposes
if s == 'powerpc':
return 'darwin'
if s == 'win32' or s == 'os2':
return s
if s == 'cli' and os.name == 'nt':
# ironpython is only on windows as far as we know
return 'win32'
return re.split('\d+$', s)[0]
def unversioned_sys_platform():
"""
Return the unversioned platform name.
Some Python platform names contain versions, that depend on
the build environment, e.g. linux2, freebsd6, etc.
This returns the name without the version number. Exceptions are
os2 and win32, which are returned verbatim.
:rtype: string
:return: Unversioned platform name
"""
s = sys.platform
if s.startswith('java'):
# The real OS is hidden under the JVM.
from java.lang import System
s = System.getProperty('os.name')
# see http://lopica.sourceforge.net/os.html for a list of possible values
if s == 'Mac OS X':
return 'darwin'
elif s.startswith('Windows '):
return 'win32'
elif s == 'OS/2':
return 'os2'
elif s == 'HP-UX':
return 'hp-ux'
elif s in ('SunOS', 'Solaris'):
return 'sunos'
else: s = s.lower()
# powerpc == darwin for our purposes
if s == 'powerpc':
return 'darwin'
if s == 'win32' or s == 'os2':
return s
if s == 'cli' and os.name == 'nt':
# ironpython is only on windows as far as we know
return 'win32'
return re.split('\d+$', s)[0]
def unversioned_sys_platform():
"""
Return the unversioned platform name.
Some Python platform names contain versions, that depend on
the build environment, e.g. linux2, freebsd6, etc.
This returns the name without the version number. Exceptions are
os2 and win32, which are returned verbatim.
:rtype: string
:return: Unversioned platform name
"""
s = sys.platform
if s.startswith('java'):
# The real OS is hidden under the JVM.
from java.lang import System
s = System.getProperty('os.name')
# see http://lopica.sourceforge.net/os.html for a list of possible values
if s == 'Mac OS X':
return 'darwin'
elif s.startswith('Windows '):
return 'win32'
elif s == 'OS/2':
return 'os2'
elif s == 'HP-UX':
return 'hp-ux'
elif s in ('SunOS', 'Solaris'):
return 'sunos'
else: s = s.lower()
# powerpc == darwin for our purposes
if s == 'powerpc':
return 'darwin'
if s == 'win32' or s == 'os2':
return s
return re.split('\d+$', s)[0]
def fsync(self):
if self._oplog:
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.fsync
self._oplog.flush()
self._last_flush_time = time()
self._writes_unflushed = 0
return os.fsync(self._oplog.fileno())
def contain(command):
# TODO: exec command, note the difference between the exec flavours
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.execv
# NOTE: command is an array (the first element is path/file, and the entire
# array is exec's args)
os._exit(0) # TODO: remove this after adding exec
def setUp(self):
"""
Defining the exitcodes
Expected Exitcodes:
On Unix, the return value is the exit status of the
process encoded in the format specified for wait()
https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/os.html#os.system
"""
self.exit_0 = 0 << 8
self.exit_1 = 1 << 8
self.exit_2 = 2 << 8
def generate_256bit_key():
"""Generate a pseudo-random secure ready-for-crypto-use key.
Generate it straight using urandom. Proving randomness is impossible, and a good source
is a hotly debated subject. As always, opinions are welcome but please inform
yourself first and be prepared to cite a source.
Further Reading:
https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/os.html#os.urandom
https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/os.html#os.urandom
https://sockpuppet.org/blog/2014/02/25/safely-generate-random-numbers/
http://www.2uo.de/myths-about-urandom/
https://github.com/dlitz/pycrypto/blob/master/lib/Crypto/Random/__init__.py
"""
return binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(32))
def html_escape(u):
"""
An html escape function that behaves the same in both Python 2 and 3.
This function is needed because single quotes are escaped in Python 3
(to '''), but not in Python 2.
The global defaults.TAG_ESCAPE can be set to this function in the
setUp() and tearDown() of unittest test cases, for example, for
consistent test results.
"""
u = _DEFAULT_TAG_ESCAPE(u)
return u.replace("'", ''')
def system():
# On some Windows installation (Python 2.4) platform.system() is
# broken and incorrectly returns 'Microsoft' instead of 'Windows'.
# http://mail.python.org/pipermail/patches/2007-June/022947.html
syst = platform.system()
if syst == 'Microsoft':
return 'Windows'
return syst
def machine():
"""
Return machine suffix to use in directory name when looking
for bootloader.
PyInstaller is reported to work even on ARM architecture. For that
case functions system() and architecture() are not enough.
Path to bootloader has to be composed from system(), architecture()
and machine() like:
'Linux-32bit-arm'
"""
mach = platform.machine()
if mach.startswith('arm'):
return 'arm'
else:
# Assume x86/x86_64 machine.
return None
# Set and get environment variables does not handle unicode strings correctly
# on Windows.
# Acting on os.environ instead of using getenv()/setenv()/unsetenv(),
# as suggested in <http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ>:
# "Calling putenv() directly does not change os.environ, so it's
# better to modify os.environ." (Same for unsetenv.)
def run(self):
"""Run module's code."""
contacts = self._list_contacts()
# Output
title = "Contacts"
header = None
output_format = self.get_option_value("OUTPUT_FORMAT").lower()
if (output_format == "stdout"):
print title
self._print_table(contacts)
elif (output_format == "html"):
if (not os.path.isdir(self.output_dir)):
os.mkdir(self.output_dir)
output_prefix = self.get_option_value("OUTPUT_FILE_NAME_PREFIX")
file_full_path = self.output_dir + "/" + output_prefix + ".html"
html.create_document_from_row_list(title,
header,
contacts,
file_full_path)
print "Output saved to: " + file_full_path
elif (output_format == "pdf"):
if (not os.path.isdir(self.output_dir)):
os.mkdir(self.output_dir)
output_prefix = self.get_option_value("OUTPUT_FILE_NAME_PREFIX")
file_full_path = self.output_dir + "/" + output_prefix + ".pdf"
pdf.create_document_from_row_list(title,
header,
contacts,
file_full_path)
print "Output saved to: " + file_full_path
else:
print "Unsupported OUTPUT_FORMAT"
# ***************************************************************
# HELPER methods
# ***************************************************************
def run(self):
"""Run module's code."""
conversations = self._get_conversation_list()
# Output
title = "Conversation List"
header = None
output_format = self.get_option_value("OUTPUT_FORMAT").lower()
if (output_format == "stdout"):
print title
self._print_table(conversations)
elif (output_format == "html"):
if (not os.path.isdir(self.output_dir)):
os.mkdir(self.output_dir)
output_prefix = self.get_option_value("OUTPUT_FILE_NAME_PREFIX")
file_full_path = self.output_dir + "/" + output_prefix + ".html"
html.create_document_from_row_list(title,
header,
conversations,
file_full_path)
print "Output saved to: " + file_full_path
elif (output_format == "pdf"):
if (not os.path.isdir(self.output_dir)):
os.mkdir(self.output_dir)
output_prefix = self.get_option_value("OUTPUT_FILE_NAME_PREFIX")
file_full_path = self.output_dir + "/" + output_prefix + ".pdf"
pdf.create_document_from_row_list(title,
header,
conversations,
file_full_path)
print "Output saved to: " + file_full_path
else:
print "Unsupported OUTPUT_FORMAT"
# ***************************************************************
# HELPER methods
# ***************************************************************
def get_paths(root, exclude_patterns, include_patterns, has_exceptions=False):
paths = []
for parent, dirs, files in os.walk(root, topdown=True, followlinks=False):
parent = os.path.relpath(parent, root)
if parent == '.':
parent = ''
# Remove excluded patterns from the list of directories to traverse
# by mutating the dirs we're iterating over.
# This looks strange, but is considered the correct way to skip
# traversal. See https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.walk
dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if
should_check_directory(os.path.join(parent, d),
exclude_patterns, include_patterns)]
for path in dirs:
if should_include(os.path.join(parent, path),
exclude_patterns, include_patterns):
paths.append(os.path.join(parent, path))
for path in files:
if should_include(os.path.join(parent, path),
exclude_patterns, include_patterns):
paths.append(os.path.join(parent, path))
return paths
def FileWithLocalFilename(filename, writeFile = False):
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
try:
with FileInMemory(filename) as (success, status, fileInMemory):
if success:
print("Writing to temporary file")
print("success: {}, status: {}".format(success, status))
f.write(fileInMemory.read())
f.flush()
#f.write("Hello")
# Return to start of file so the read is seamless
f.seek(0)
# May be required to fully flush, although flush() seems sufficient for now
# See: https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.fsync
#os.fsync(f.fileno())
#print("f.read(): {}".format(f.read()))
#f.seek(0)
yield f.name
#print("Post yield")
#f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
#print("f length in with def: {}".format(f.tell()))
else:
#yield (False, status, fileInMemory)
yield False
print("Successfully completed FileWithLocalFilename")
except IOError as e:
# Just need an exception so that else is valid.
print("IOError: {}".format(e))
else:
# Only do this if there are no exceptions above
print("Potentially writing file")
if writeFile:
(success, status, returnValue) = putFile(filename = filename, file = f)
print("Wrote file. success: {}, status: {}, returnValue: {}".format(success, status, returnValue))
finally:
print("Finally exiting from FileWithLocalFilename")
def system():
# On some Windows installation (Python 2.4) platform.system() is
# broken and incorrectly returns 'Microsoft' instead of 'Windows'.
# http://mail.python.org/pipermail/patches/2007-June/022947.html
syst = platform.system()
if syst == 'Microsoft':
return 'Windows'
return syst
def machine():
"""
Return machine suffix to use in directory name when looking
for bootloader.
PyInstaller is reported to work even on ARM architecture. For that
case functions system() and architecture() are not enough.
Path to bootloader has to be composed from system(), architecture()
and machine() like:
'Linux-32bit-arm'
"""
mach = platform.machine()
if mach.startswith('arm'):
return 'arm'
else:
# Assume x86/x86_64 machine.
return None
# Set and get environment variables does not handle unicode strings correctly
# on Windows.
# Acting on os.environ instead of using getenv()/setenv()/unsetenv(),
# as suggested in <http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.environ>:
# "Calling putenv() directly does not change os.environ, so it's
# better to modify os.environ." (Same for unsetenv.)
def update_uuid(self):
self.mutex.lock()
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/sqlite3.html
try:
cur = MainCon.cur
cur.execute('''
SELECT uuid FROM `UUID` ;
''')
uuid_in_db = cur.fetchall()
self.mutex.unlock()
uuids = [x[0] for x in uuid_in_db]
logger.debug('SystemDevices.refresh_state')
SystemDevices.refresh_state()
logger.debug('SystemDevices.refresh_state END')
deviceDict = SystemDevices.deviceDict
uuid_list = []
for dev_id, dev in deviceDict.items():
uuid = dev['uuid']
fstype = dev['fstype']
label = dev['label']
major_dnum, minor_dnum = dev_id
uuid_list.append(uuid)
if not uuid in uuids:
cur.execute('''INSERT INTO UUID (included, uuid, alias, fstype,name,label,major_dnum,minor_dnum, path)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)''',
(False, dev['uuid'], dev['mountpoint'], dev['fstype'], dev['name'], dev['label'],
major_dnum, minor_dnum, dev['mountpoint']))
else:
cur.execute('''UPDATE UUID SET fstype=?,name=?,label=?,major_dnum=?,minor_dnum=?,path=?
WHERE uuid=?''',
(dev['fstype'], dev['name'], dev['label'],
major_dnum, minor_dnum, dev['mountpoint'],
dev['uuid'])
)
MainCon.con.commit()
except Exception as e:
self.show_statusbar_warning_msg_SIGNAL.emit(str(e))
logger.error(str(e))
self.mutex.unlock()
logger.debug('init_table')
for uuid in uuid_list:
self.init_table(uuid, clear_table=False)
logger.debug('init_table END')
try:
MainCon.con.commit()
except Exception as e:
logger.error(str(e))
# self.con.commit() # commit
def test_log_follow():
package_install('chronos', deploy=True)
args = ['dcos', 'service', 'log', 'chronos', '--follow']
if sys.platform == 'win32':
proc = subprocess.Popen(
args,
creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
else:
# disable stdout/stderr buffering:
# https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-u
my_env = os.environ.copy()
my_env['PYTHONUNBUFFERED'] = 'x'
# os.setsid is only available for Unix:
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.setsid
proc = subprocess.Popen(
args,
preexec_fn=os.setsid,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
env=my_env)
time.sleep(10)
proc.poll()
assert proc.returncode is None
if sys.platform == 'win32':
os.kill(proc.pid, signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)
else:
# using Unix-only commands os.killpg + os.getgid
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.killpg
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.getpgid
os.killpg(os.getpgid(proc.pid), 15)
stdout = proc.stdout.read()
stderr = proc.stderr.read()
print('STDOUT: {}'.format(stdout))
print('STDERR: {}'.format(stderr))
assert len(stdout.decode('utf-8').split('\n')) > 3
assert_lines(['dcos', 'service', 'log', 'chronos', '--lines=4'], 4)
exec_command(['dcos', 'package', 'uninstall', 'chronos', '--yes'])
def chmodR(self, perm, target, writemode):
'''
Recursively apply chmod to a directory
@author: Eric Ball
@param perm: Permissions to be applied. For information on available
permissions/modes, see os.chmod documentation at
https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.chmod
@param target: Target directory
@param writemode: [a]ppend or [o]verwrite
'''
try:
if not os.path.isdir(target):
raise TypeError(target)
else:
try:
if writemode[0] == "a":
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(target):
# Change permissions for root directory
currentPerm = os.stat(root)[0]
newPerm = currentPerm | perm
os.chmod(root, newPerm)
# Change permissions for child directories
for mydir in dirs:
currentPerm = os.stat(os.path.join(root, mydir))[0]
newPerm = currentPerm | perm
os.chmod(os.path.join(root, mydir), newPerm)
# Change permissions for all files
for myfile in files:
currentPerm = os.stat(os.path.join(root,
myfile))[0]
newPerm = currentPerm | perm
os.chmod(os.path.join(root, myfile), newPerm)
elif writemode[0] == "o":
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(target):
# Change permissions for root directory
os.chmod(root, perm)
# Change permissions for child directories
for mydir in dirs:
os.chmod(os.path.join(root, mydir), perm)
# Change permissions for all files
for myfile in files:
os.chmod(os.path.join(root, myfile), perm)
else:
raise NameError(writemode)
except NameError:
raise
except TypeError:
print "Error: Cannot chmodR target, must be a directory"
raise
except NameError:
print "Error: Invalid writemode specified. Please use [a]ppend " + \
"or [o]verwrite"
raise
except Exception:
raise